Quantum advantage in learning from experiments
Quantum advantage in learning from experiments
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abn7293
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发表时间：
2022-06-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
McClean, Jarrod R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Hsin-Yuan;Broughton, Michael;McClean, Jarrod R.
量子技术有望彻底改变我们了解物理世界的方式。用量子计算机处理量子数据的实验可能比用经典计算机测量量子态并处理结果的传统实验具有实质性优势。我们证明了量子机器可以从比传统实验所需数量少得多的实验中学习。这种指数优势被证明是预测物理系统的属性，进行量子主成分分析，并了解物理动力学。此外，在某些情况下，实现指数优势所需的量子资源相当有限。通过使用40个超导量子比特和1300个量子门进行实验，我们证明了当今的量子处理器可能具有实质性的量子优势。
Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with today's quantum processors.