Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species
Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species
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DOI：
10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.6
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发表时间：
2019-04-03
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Muona, Jyrki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Muona, Jyrki
描述了采自波罗的海琥珀中的两个新属：Tyrannosthroscus n. gen.（模式种Tyrannothroscus雷克斯n.sp.）和假沟藻属Pseudothroscus n.（模式种Pseudothroscus balticus n. sp.）。在波罗的海琥珀中发现了四种恐龙：Tyrannothroscus雷克斯n.例如，波罗的海拟跳蛛例如，白腹小蜂sp.和小Trixagus parvulus n.缅甸短翅蛛Pactopus burmensis n.在缅甸琥珀中发现。已知throscid属的系统发育分析。Aulonothroscus Horn和Trixagus Kugelann是姐妹群，这片林地的姐妹群是Pactopus Horn属，这三个属的姐妹群是Potergus Bonvouloir属。已知最古老的类人猿化石是属于Rhomboaspis Kirejtshuk & Kovalev和Potergosoma Kirejtshuk & Kovalev属的物种，都来自黎巴嫩琥珀，125-135 Mya。目前的分析表明，已灭绝的波罗的海琥珀属Jaira Muona和Pseudothroscus属于至少与黎巴嫩化石一样古老的分支。缅甸琥珀化石Pactopus burmensis，99 Mya，比任何先前已知的属于四个现存属的物种都要古老：Pactopus，Potergus，Aulonothroscus或Trixagus。目前已知至少有三个throsid谱系已经灭绝。Pactopus和Potergus的血统都超过9900万年，而Aulonothroscus和Trixagus的血统至少可以追溯到5000万年前的波罗的海琥珀。在波罗的海琥珀中发现的Jaira表明，这一血统在灭绝之前至少持续了8000万年。
Two new Throscidae genera from Baltic amber are described: Tyrannosthroscus n..gen. (type species Tyrannothroscus rex n.sp.) and Pseudothroscus n. gen. (type species Pseudothroscus balticus n. sp.). Four species are described from Baltic amber: Tyrannothroscus rex n. sp., Pseudothroscus balticus n. sp., Potergus superbus n. sp. and Trixagus parvulus n. sp. Pactopus burmensis n. sp. is described from Burmese amber. A phylogenetic analysis of the known throscid genera is performed. Aulonothroscus Horn and Trixagus Kugelann are shown to be sister-groups, the sister-group of this Glade is the genus Pactopus Horn and the sister group of these three genera is the genus Potergus Bonvouloir. The oldest previously known throscids were species belonging to the genera Rhomboaspis Kirejtshuk & Kovalev and Potergosoma Kirejtshuk & Kovalev, both from Lebanese Amber, 125-135 Mya. The present analysis shows that the extinct Baltic amber genera Jaira Muona and Pseudothroscus belong to clades at least as old as the Lebanese fossils. The Burmese amber fossil Pactopus burmensis, 99 Mya, is considerably older than any of the previously known species belonging to the four extant genera: Pactopus,Potergus, Aulonothroscus or Trixagus. At least three throscid lineages are now known to have gone extinct. Both the Pactopus and Potergus lineages are more than 99 milion years old, whereas the Aulonothroscus and Trixagus lineages extend at least to the Baltic amber, 50 million years ago. The presence of Jaira in Baltic amber shows that that lineage persisted at least 80 million years before going to extinction.