Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: a novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry.
Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: a novel approach to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry.
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将雪卡中毒与鱼类空间生态学联系起来：通过结合非致命性血液采样和生物遥测来检查大梭鱼生物毒素水平分布的新方法。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.053
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cooke,StevenJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O'Toole,AmandaC;DechraouiBottein,Marie-Yasmine;Danylchuk,AndyJ;Ramsdell,JohnS;Cooke,StevenJ
人类体内的雪卡毒素通常是由食用含有雪卡毒素（CTXs）的珊瑚鱼引起的。在六个月的时间里，我们捕获了38条野生成年大梭鱼（Sphyraena barracuda），这是一种通常与巴哈马雪茄有关的物种。我们取样了三种组织（即肌肉、肝脏和血液），并使用功能性体外N2A生物测定法分析了它们中雪卡毒素的存在。在三种组织类型中检测到的雪卡毒素浓度范围为2.51至211.74pg C-CTX-1当量/g。血液和肝脏毒素浓度呈正相关（ρ=0.86， P=0.003），表明血液采样首次为检测野生鱼类中的雪卡毒素提供了一种非致死方法。非致命性血液采样也提供了将这种方法与生物遥测和生物学技术相结合的机会，这些技术可以研究鱼类的分布和运动。为了证明将雪卡托毒素的发生与梭鱼的空间生态联系起来的可能性，我们还提出了一个概念验证案例研究，在用声波发射器释放20条鱼之前，从它们身上获得血液样本，并使用覆盖44平方公里的固定声波遥测阵列在沿海水域对它们进行跟踪。CTX检测呈阳性的鱼类可能比无毒鱼类的活动范围更小（活动距离中位数，U=2.21， P=0.03）。本研究结果可能有助于确定毒素的高风险区域和源库动态，潜在地减少雪卡水中毒的发生率和人类健康风险。此外，非致死取样方法的发展和血液中雪卡毒素的测量为了解毒素与各种海洋鱼类的空间生态之间的机制关系提供了未来的机会。
Ciguatera in humans is typically caused by the consumption of reef fish that have accumulated Ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their flesh. Over a six month period, we captured 38 wild adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a species commonly associated with ciguatera in The Bahamas. We sampled three tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and blood) and analysed them for the presence of ciguatoxins using a functional in vitro N2A bioassay. Detectable concentrations of ciguatoxins found in the three tissue types ranged from 2.51 to 211.74pg C-CTX-1 equivalents/g. Blood and liver toxin concentrations were positively correlated (ρ=0.86, P=0.003), indicating that, for the first time, blood sampling provides a non-lethal method of detecting ciguatoxin in wild fish. Non-lethal blood sampling also presents opportunities to couple this approach with biotelemetry and biologging techniques that enable the study of fish distribution and movement. To demonstrate the potential for linking ciguatoxin occurrence with barracuda spatial ecology, we also present a proof-of-concept case study where blood samples were obtained from 20 fish before releasing them with acoustic transmitters and tracking them in the coastal waters using a fixed acoustic telemetry array covering 44km2. Fish that tested positive for CTX may have smaller home ranges than non-toxic fish (median distance travelled, U=2.21, P=0.03). Results presented from this study may help identify high risk areas and source-sink dynamics of toxins, potentially reducing the incidence and human health risk of ciguatera fish poisoning. Moreover, development of the non-lethal sampling approach and measurement of ciguatera from blood provide future opportunities to understand the mechanistic relationship between toxins and the spatial ecology of a broad range of marine fish species.