New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany
New flutes document the earliest musical tradition in southwestern Germany
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DOI：
10.1038/nature08169
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发表时间：
2009-08-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Muenzel, Susanne C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conard, Nicholas J.;Malina, Maria;Muenzel, Susanne C.
关于考古记录中有音乐的早期证据的说法存在相当大的争论(1-5)。研究人员普遍认为，复杂乐器的存在是完全现代行为和先进的符号交流的标志(1)，但由于发现的稀少，关于音乐进化和传播的考古记录仍然不完整。尽管尼安德特人的音乐传统和旧石器时代中期的乐器组合存在争议，但缺乏支持这些主张的具体证据(1-4)。在这里，我们报告了德国西南部奥里尼亚西期早期的骨笛和象牙笛子的发现。这些发现表明，在3.5万多年前现代人殖民欧洲的时候，存在着一种根深蒂固的音乐传统。除了斯瓦比安汝拉的洞穴外，关于音乐的最早可靠的考古证据来自法国和奥地利的遗址，以及3万年前(6-8)之前的日期。
Considerable debate surrounds claims for early evidence of music in the archaeological record(1-5). Researchers universally accept the existence of complex musical instruments as an indication of fully modern behaviour and advanced symbolic communication(1) but, owing to the scarcity of finds, the archaeological record of the evolution and spread of music remains incomplete. Although arguments have been made for Neanderthal musical traditions and the presence of musical instruments in Middle Palaeolithic assemblages, concrete evidence to support these claims is lacking(1-4). Here we report the discovery of bone and ivory flutes from the early Aurignacian period of southwestern Germany. These finds demonstrate the presence of a well-established musical tradition at the time when modern humans colonized Europe, more than 35,000 calendar years ago. Other than the caves of the Swabian Jura, the earliest secure archaeological evidence for music comes from sites in France and Austria and post-date 30,000 years ago(6-8).