Psychoplastogens: A Promising Class of Plasticity-Promoting Neurotherapeutics.
Psychoplastogens: A Promising Class of Plasticity-Promoting Neurotherapeutics.
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DOI：
10.1177/1179069518800508
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Olson DE
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文献类型：
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作者：
Olson DE
神经可塑性-许多神经精神疾病，包括情绪，焦虑和物质使用障碍，都是由于无法分别削弱和/或加强病理和有益回路，最终导致适应不良的行为反应。因此，能够促进神经回路的结构和功能重组以产生积极行为效应的化合物具有广泛的治疗潜力。几种已知的药物和实验疗法已被证明可以促进可塑性，但大多数依赖于间接机制，并且是缓慢作用的。在这里，我描述了一个相对较新的一类快速起效的治疗，能够迅速促进结构和功能的神经可塑性。精神可塑性化合物包括致幻剂、氯胺酮和其他几种最近发现的速效抗抑郁药。它们在精神病学中的使用代表了我们治疗大脑疾病方法的范式转变，因为我们更少地关注纠正“化学失衡”，而更多地强调实现神经回路的选择性调节。
Neural plasticity—the ability to change and adapt in response to stimuli—is an essential aspect of healthy brain function and, in principle, can be harnessed to promote recovery from a wide variety of brain disorders. Many neuropsychiatric diseases including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders arise from an inability to weaken and/or strengthen pathologic and beneficial circuits, respectively, ultimately leading to maladaptive behavioral responses. Thus, compounds capable of facilitating the structural and functional reorganization of neural circuits to produce positive behavioral effects have broad therapeutic potential. Several known drugs and experimental therapeutics have been shown to promote plasticity, but most rely on indirect mechanisms and are slow-acting. Here, I describe psychoplastogens—a relatively new class of fast-acting therapeutics, capable of rapidly promoting structural and functional neural plasticity. Psychoplastogenic compounds include psychedelics, ketamine, and several other recently discovered fast-acting antidepressants. Their use in psychiatry represents a paradigm shift in our approach to treating brain disorders as we focus less on rectifying “chemical imbalances” and place more emphasis on achieving selective modulation of neural circuits.