Factors Influencing Usability of a Smartphone App to Reduce Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Think Aloud and Interview Studies.
Factors Influencing Usability of a Smartphone App to Reduce Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Think Aloud and Interview Studies.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2017.00039
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Michie S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crane D;Garnett C;Brown J;West R;Michie S
智能手机应用程序提供的干预措施有可能帮助饮酒者减少饮酒量。为了优化参与度并降低与使用数字干预相关的高流失率，有必要确保应用程序的设计和功能适合其预期用途和目标人群。了解应用程序的可用性，以帮助人们减少酒精消费。这款名为Drink Less的应用程序包含一个专注于目标设定的核心模块，并辅以五个附加模块：自我监控和反馈、身份改变、认知偏见再训练、行动计划和社会比较。进行了两项研究，一项是对首次使用该应用程序的人进行的“大声思考”研究，另一项是在用户访问该应用程序至少2周后进行的半结构化访谈研究。由一名编码员对“出声思考”和访谈记录进行主题分析，并由第二名编码员进行验证。24名参与者参加了这两项研究，其中一半是妇女，一半来自弱势群体。数据中确定的三个主要主题是“感到失落和不确定下一步该做什么”，“使应用程序易于使用”和“使应用程序有益且值得使用”。这些主题反映了参与者对以下方面的需求：（i）指导，特别是在首次使用应用程序或输入数据时;（ii）数据输入过程要简单，导航直观;（iii）文本数量和选项范围都不要太多;（iv）应用程序要奖励他们的努力和进步;以及（v）明确应用程序如何帮助实现减少酒精的目标。第一次和有经验的用户希望酒精减少应用程序是简单的，有益的，有益的使用。一个易于使用的应用程序将减少用户的负担，提供持续的帮助，并在美学上令人愉快。一个有益的应用程序将提供积极的强化，提供有关进展的反馈，并展示可信度。用户在第一次使用应用程序时需要帮助，他们需要一个令人信服的理由来继续使用它。
Interventions delivered by smartphone apps have the potential to help drinkers reduce their consumption of alcohol. To optimize engagement and reduce the high rates of attrition associated with the use of digital interventions, it is necessary to ensure that an app’s design and functionality is appropriate for its intended purposes and target population. To understand the usability of an app to help people reduce their alcohol consumption. The app, Drink Less, contains a core module focusing on goal setting, supplemented by five additional modules: self-monitoring and feedback, identity change, cognitive bias re-training, action planning, and social comparison. Two studies were conducted, a “think aloud” study performed with people using the app for the first time and a semistructured interview study performed after users had had access to the app for at least 2 weeks. A thematic analysis of the “think aloud” and interview transcripts was conducted by one coder and verified by a second. Twenty-four participants, half of whom were women and half from disadvantaged groups, took part in the two studies. Three main themes identified in the data were “Feeling lost and unsure of what to do next,” “Make the app easy to use,” and “Make the app beneficial and rewarding to use.” These themes reflected participants’ need for (i) guidance, particularly when first using the app or when entering data; (ii) the data entry process to be simple and the navigation intuitive; (iii) neither the amount of text nor range of options to be overwhelming; (iv) the app to reward them for effort and progress; and (v) it to be clear how the app could help alcohol reduction goals be reached. First-time and experienced users want an alcohol reduction app to be easy, rewarding, and beneficial to use. An easy-to-use app would reduce user burden, offer ongoing help, and be esthetically pleasing. A rewarding and beneficial app would provide positive reinforcement, give feedback about progress, and demonstrate credibility. Users need help when first using the app, and they need a compelling reason to continue using it.