LIVING ALONE, MARITAL-STATUS, GENDER AND HEALTH
LIVING ALONE, MARITAL-STATUS, GENDER AND HEALTH
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DOI：
10.1002/casp.2450030102
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发表时间：
1993-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
CRAMER, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CRAMER, D
未婚人士通常比已婚人士健康。有人认为，造成这种差异的原因可能是独居者更缺乏社会融合。对这一假设进行了检验，方法是分别对未婚、分居、离婚和丧偶这四类未婚男女中的独居者和与他人同居者的健康状况进行比较，最初控制了年龄、教育和收入，随后增加了五个社会融合的近似指数。与之同住的人被进一步分类为成年人、同居者、4岁或4岁以下的儿童、5至17岁的儿童、成年儿童、父母、亲属或非亲属。健康的三个指标是30项心理困扰的一般健康问卷，15项常见的身体症状和酒精摄入量的检查表。得出的主要差异是，独居妇女比同居妇女或与4岁或4岁以下子女一起生活的妇女饮酒更多，独居鳏夫比与成年子女一起生活的鳏夫心理上更痛苦，即使在社会融合得到控制的情况下。结果表明，独居通常与健康状况不佳无关，因此无法解释已婚和未婚之间的差异。
Non-married people have generally been found to be less healthy than the married. It has been suggested that this difference may be brought about by the greater lack of social integration of those living alone. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the health of those living alone with those living with another person in the four non-married categories of never married, separated, divorced and widowed for women and men separately, initially controlling for age, education and income and subsequently adding five proximate indices of social integration. The person lived with was further categorized as an adult, cohabitee, child aged 4 or under, child aged 5 to 17, adult child, parent, relative or non-relative. The three indices of health were the 30-item General Health Questionnaire of psychological distress, a 15-item checklist of common physical symptoms and alcohol intake. The main differences obtained were that women living alone drank more alcohol than those cohabiting or living with a child aged 4 or under, and that widowers living alone were more psychologically distressed than those living with an adult child, even when social integration was controlled. The results suggested that living alone was not generally associated with poor health and so could not account for the difference between the married and non-married.