A COMPARISON OF FUSARIUM PSEUDOGRAMINEARUM AND F. GRAMINEARUM FROM WHEAT IN AUSTRALIA
A COMPARISON OF FUSARIUM PSEUDOGRAMINEARUM AND F. GRAMINEARUM FROM WHEAT IN AUSTRALIA
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澳大利亚小麦中假禾谷镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌的比较
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Chakraborty
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Akinsanmi;V. Mitter;S. Simpfendorfer;D. Backhouse;D. Yates;S. Chakraborty
在澳大利亚，小麦镰刀菌和伪小麦镰刀菌都能引起小麦的头枯病和冠腐病，本研究比较了这两种真菌的病原学和多样性。利用已发表的种特异性PCR方法，从昆士兰州和新南威尔士州北部种植的小麦中共分离出199株假谷物镰刀菌和118株谷物镰刀菌。所使用的表型指标包括对小麦、玉米、高粱、油菜、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和小黑麦的侵袭性，高压灭菌小麦培养中产生的霉菌毒素，马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂的生长速度，孢子大小和培养中产生的大分生孢子数量。以小麦、燕麦、大麦、黑麦和小黑麦的中部小穗为研究材料，在开花时接种10µL的大分生孢子/ mL悬液，记录侵染后14 d的小穗数。将病原菌定殖的无菌牙签接种玉米、高粱和油菜，在马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤中培养7 d， 14 d后记录茎腐时间。利用5对引物组合的扩增片段长度多态性评价了两种植物的基因型关系。这两个物种产生相同的真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）。所有测试样品的NIV浓度均小于250 ppb，而假谷草镰刀菌的DON浓度范围在2.5 ppm至0.71 ppm之间，F. graminearum的浓度范围在4.4 ppm至2.4 ppm之间。玉米赤霉病菌的ZEA浓度（3.0 ~ 11.9 ppm）明显高于伪玉米赤霉病菌（0.9 ~ 2.2 ppm）。在谷类作物的头部产生的疾病的症状和严重程度是相似的。这两个物种都能引起油菜溃疡病和茎腐病，以及玉米和高粱的茎腐病。各种属的基因型多样性较高。在培养过程中，所有的禾粒镰刀菌分离株均产生同质周周炎，而只有8%的伪禾粒镰刀菌分离株产生异质周周炎。虽然每个种的表型和基因型指标都存在差异，但禾草镰刀菌的变异水平高于假禾草镰刀菌。
In Australia both Fusarium graminearum and F. pseudograminearum cause head blight and crown rot of wheat and this work compares the aetiology and diversity between the two species. A total of 199 isolates of F. pseudograminearum and 118 isolates of F. graminearum obtained from wheat grown in Queensland and northern New South Wales and were identified using published species-specific PCR assays. The phenotypic measures used include aggressiveness on wheat, corn, sorghum, canola, barley, rye, oat and triticale, mycotoxins produced in autoclaved-wheat culture, growth rate on potato dextrose agar, spore size and the number of macroconidia produced in culture. To measure aggressiveness, the middle spikelet of wheat, oat, barley, rye and triticale was inoculated at flowering with 10-µL suspension of 10 5 macroconidia/ mL. Number of spikelets infected was recorded at 14 days after inoculation. Corn, sorghum and canola were inoculated using sterile toothpicks colonised by the pathogen by growing in potato dextrose broth for 7 days and the length of stem rot was recorded after 14 days. Genotypic relationship between the two species was evaluated using Amplified fragment length polymorphism with five primer pair combinations. Both species produced the same mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone (ZEA) and nivalenol (NIV). NIV concentration in all samples tested was less than 250 ppb, while DON concentration ranged between 2.5 ppm and 0.71 ppm in F. pseudograminearum and 4.4 ppm and 2.4 ppm in F. graminearum. ZEA concentration was considerably higher in F. graminearum (3.0-11.9 ppm) than in F. pseudograminearum (0.9-2.2 ppm). The symptoms and severity of diseases produced on the heads of the cereal crops were similar. Both species caused canker and stem rot in canola, and stalk rot in corn and sorghum. A high level of genotypic diversity was observed within each species. All F. graminearum isolates produced homothallic perithecia in culture but only 8% of F. pseudograminearum isolates produced heterothallic perithecia in culture. Although there were variations in all the phenotypic and genotypic measures for each species, the level of variation in F. graminearum was higher than in F. pseudograminearum.