Unearthing, untangling and re-articulating genocide corpses in Rwanda
Unearthing, untangling and re-articulating genocide corpses in Rwanda
复制标题
在卢旺达挖掘、解开并重新表述种族灭绝尸体
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Laura Major
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laura Major
本文件涉及1990年代卢旺达种族灭绝和战争受害者的万人坑和挖出的尸体。在过去十年中，政府主导了一项挖掘乱葬坑和个人坟墓的方案。挖掘乱葬坑的工作主要由图西族种族灭绝幸存者在国家官员的监督下进行。出土后，这些尸体被拆散，柔软的肉体、衣服、个人财产和骨头的残余物被彼此分开。骷髅结构完全分离，骨头汇集成一个巨大的集体，放置在纪念馆。这些挖掘的结果是，遗骸在重新安葬时几乎总是缺乏个人身份。一个富有成效的分析比较是在检查西班牙内战坟墓的挖掘，其中个别死者的命运与幸存者的生活密切相关。这里的挖掘与卢旺达的挖掘有明显的对比，可能会用特定的遗骸重新表达身份。但相似之处也很关键：在这两种情况下，人类遗骸的属性，作为令人不安的材料，获得了特定的“影响”，这推动了旨在巩固特定集体记忆的国家政治项目，尽管这种“物质机构”在每种情况下都被动员到非常不同的目的。
This paper is concerned with the mass graves and exhumed bodies of victims of the Rwanda genocide and war of the 1990s. A government-led programme of exhumation of mass burials and individual graves has taken place over the last decade. The exhumation of mass graves has been undertaken, in the main, by Tutsi genocide survivors who work under the supervision of state officials. Post-unearthing, these bodies are unravelled, and the remnants of soft flesh, clothing, personal possessions and bones are separated from each other. Skeletal structures are fully disarticulated and the bones pooled into a vast collective, for placement within memorials. The outcome of these exhumations is that remains almost always lack individual identity at the point of reinterring. A productive analytical comparison is found in examining exhumations of Spanish Civil War graves, where the fates of individual dead are closely entangled with the lives of survivors. Here there is a clear contrast with exhumations in Rwanda, in the possible re-articulation of identities with specific human remains. But a similarity is also critical: in both cases the properties of human remains, as unsettling materials, garner specific ‘affects’, which drive forward national political projects that aim to consolidate particular collective memories of conflict, albeit that this kind of ‘material agency’ is mobilized to very different ends in each case.