Some Conceptual Issues and Problems in the Comparison of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe
Some Conceptual Issues and Problems in the Comparison of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe
复制标题
西欧反移民政党比较中的一些概念问题和问题
DOI：
10.1177/1354068897003004002
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Fennema
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Fennema
在这篇文章中，反移民政党的概念化一直是不够的。从反移民政党的非理论概念出发，对抗议政党、种族主义政党和极右翼政党三个主要概念进行了探讨和界定。这些概念中的每一个都有自己的侧重点，并突出了纳斯森迪州政治家族的一个具体特征。抗议政党是非革命的反制度政党；种族主义政党是单一议题政党，极右翼政党是革命的反制度政党。本文发展了一种反移民政党的类型，从一般的和弥漫的(抗议政党)到具体的(种族主义的)和在意识形态上清晰的(极右翼)。这些概念不是嵌套的，而是重叠的，但它们允许我们区分西欧不同类型的反移民政党。抗议政党主要是政治异化的产物，种族主义政党源于对国家移民政策的疑虑，而极右翼政党则含蓄或明确地提出了一种反对国际资本主义精神的政治传统。专注于选民的研究人员倾向于使用抗议党的概念，研究激进分子的人倾向于种族主义政党的概念，而分析政党纲领和意识形态的人往往使用极右翼的标签。
In this article it is argued that the conceptualization of anti-immigrant parties has been inadequate. Starting from the non-theoretical concept of anti-immigrant parties, three main concepts are discussed and defined: protest parties, racist parties and extreme-right parties. Each of these concepts has its own emphasis and highlights a specific feature of a political family in statu nascendi. Protest parties are non-revolutionary anti-system parties; racist parties are single-issue parties, while extreme-right parties are revolutionary anti-system parties. The article develops a typology of anti-immigrant parties that runs from the general and diffuse (protest parties) to the specific (racist) and ideologically articulate (extreme right). The concepts are not nested but are overlapping, yet they allow us to differentiate between different types of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Protest parties are primarily a product of political alienation, racist parties arise from misgivings about national immigration policy, while extreme-right parties implicitly or explicitly present a political tradition that reacts against the spirit of international capitalism. Researchers who concentrate on electorates tend to use the concept of protest party, those who study militants tend towards the concept of racist parties while those who analyse party programmes and ideology often use the label extreme right.