Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Richmond, VA.
Exploring changes in violence across two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Richmond, VA.
复制标题
探索弗吉尼亚州里士满两波 COVID-19 大流行期间暴力的变化。
DOI：
10.1002/ab.22094
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Thomson,NicholasD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
West,SamuelJ;Wood,ArielM;Aboutanos,MichelB;Thomson,NicholasD
COVID-19大流行的第一波浪潮使美国和海外的暴力事件增加。在此期间，涉及枪支的暴力案件比例也有所增加，但很少有研究使用第二波COVID感染的数据来研究这些影响。学者们对枪支暴力增加的解释包括枪支购买、酒精消费、失业和有组织犯罪活动的增加。目前的工作研究了弗吉尼亚州里士满的这些趋势。我们收集了2018年至2022年弗吉尼亚州里士满一级创伤中心急诊室暴力伤害患者（N= 1744）的数据。根据数据是在疫情爆发前、第一波疫情期间还是第二波疫情期间出现，对数据进行了编码。Logistic二项式回归显示，与疫情爆发前相比，第一波疫情期间枪伤风险增加了32%，第二波疫情期间增加了44%，但第一波和第二波疫情之间的增加并不显著。在控制了受害者年龄、种族、性别和受伤严重程度后，这些发现仍然成立。进一步的分析显示，这些影响是暴力伤害所特有的，因为我们发现在自伤案件中使用枪支的情况并没有增加。在弗吉尼亚州的里士满也观察到了2019冠状病毒病大流行期间报告的暴力事件增加。随着时间的推移，枪支暴力特别是其他形式的暴力（即，攻击、刺伤和自残）减少。
The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic carried with it an increase in violence in the United States and abroad. The proportion of violence cases involving firearms also increased during this time, yet little research has examined these effects using data from the second wave of COVID infections. Explanations for these documented increases in gun violence put forward by scholars include increased firearm purchases, alcohol consumption, unemployment, and organized crime activity. The current work examined these trends in Richmond, VA. We collected data on patients (N= 1744) presenting with violent injuries from 2018 to 2022 from the emergency department of a Level‐1 Trauma Center in Richmond, VA. Data were coded on the basis of whether they presented before the pandemic, during the first wave, or during the second wave. Logistic binomial regressions revealed that the risk of gunshot wounds increased by 32% during the first wave and 44% during the second wave, relative to the pre‐COVID period, but that the increase between the first and second wave was not significant. These findings held after controlling for victim age, race, sex, and injury severity. Further analyses revealed that these effects were specific to violent injury, as we found no increase in firearm use among self‐injury cases. The heightened violence reported during the COVID‐19 pandemic was also observed in Richmond, VA. Gun violence in particular increased over time as other forms of violence (i.e., assaults, stabbings, and self‐harm) decreased.