Divided attention during encoding and retrieval: Differential control effects?
Divided attention during encoding and retrieval: Differential control effects?
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1744
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Anderson, ND
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craik, FIM;Naveh-Benjamin, M;Anderson, ND
以往的研究表明，提取过程中的分散注意对情景记忆的回忆影响不大，而编码过程中的分散注意对情景记忆的回忆有很大的不利影响。造成这种不对称的一个可能原因是，刺激在编码时的呈现是受实验者控制的，而提取操作和反应是受参与者控制的。这个实验测试了这种可能性，通过展示成对的联想单词表来学习和回忆，要么以固定的4-s速率，要么以参与者控制的速率。结果表明，在所有实验和被试组合控制下，检索时的记忆水平均高于编码时的记忆水平。讨论了这些结果对更全面地理解编码和检索过程的影响。
Previous studies have shown that divided attention (DA) during retrieval has little effect on recall of episodic memories, although DA during encoding has a large detrimental effect. One possible reason for this asymmetry is that stimulus presentation at encoding is under experimenter control, whereas retrieval operations and responses are under participant control. This experiment tested this possibility by presenting paired-associate word lists for learning and recall, either at a fixed 4-s rate or at a rate controlled by the participant. The results showed that the higher recall levels for DA at retrieval than for DA at encoding held under all combinations of experimenter and participant control. The implications of these results for a fuller understanding of encoding and retrieval processes are discussed.