Judgments of Personal and Environmental Risks of Consumer Products—Do they Differ?
Judgments of Personal and Environmental Risks of Consumer Products—Do they Differ?
复制标题
对消费品的个人和环境风险的判断——有不同吗？
作者：
H. Schütz;P. Wiedemann
许多心理测量学研究调查了对技术，活动或消费品的个人风险的判断，但只有少数研究包括对环境风险的判断。因此，很少有人知道这方面的环境风险感知，以及它是否不同于个人的风险感知。本研究调查了30种不同类型的消费品的风险判断，如草药，移动的电话，基因工程药物，或花园杀虫剂。一项调查在德国的两个城市进行：莱比锡和西柏林。总共有408名受试者评估了消费品的个人和环境风险（以及其他风险相关方面），以及他们是否会向他人推荐该产品。研究结果显示，大多数产品的感知个人风险和环境风险的平均值之间的统计显着差异。尽管存在这些差异，但产品的平均个人风险和环境风险判断的排名顺序非常相似。然而，对每种产品的单独分析表明，感知的个人和环境风险之间的相关性在不同产品之间存在很大差异。以个人风险和环境风险判断为预测变量，以产品推荐为标准，对每种消费品分别进行多元回归分析，结果表明，个人风险判断对产品推荐起主要作用。对环境的感知风险几乎没有增加解释力。该研究还探讨了个人和环境风险的判断方面的差异，两个社会人口变量：位置（前东德国与西德国）和性别。这两种类型的风险判断的差异，发现关于位置，但不为性别。
Many psychometric studies have investigated judgments concerning personal risks from technologies, activities or consumer products, but only a few studies have included judgments of risk to the environment. Thus, little is known about this aspect of environmental risk perception, and whether it differs from personal risk perception. This study investigates risk judgments for 30 consumer products of various types such as herbal remedies, mobile telephones, genetically engineered drugs, or garden pesticides. A survey was conducted in two German cities: Leipzig and West Berlin. In total, 408 subjects evaluated the consumer products with regard to personal and environmental risk (and other risk‐related aspects) and whether they would recommend the product to others. The findings show statistically significant differences between the mean values of perceived personal risk and environmental risk for most products. Despite these differences, the rank order of mean personal risk and environmental risk judgments for the products is quite similar. However, separate analyses for each product reveal that correlations between perceived personal and environmental risk vary strongly across products. Multiple regression analyses with personal and environmental risk judgments as predictors and product recommendation as criterion, run separately for each consumer product, show that it is mainly the judgment of perceived personal risk that explains product recommendation. Perceived risk to the environment adds little explanatory power. The study also explores differences in judgments of personal and environmental risk with regard to two sociodemographic variables: location (former East Germany vs. West Germany) and gender. Differences in both types of risk judgments are found with regard to location but not for gender.