The roles of artists in the emergence of creative sustainable cities: Theoretical clues and empirical illustrations
The roles of artists in the emergence of creative sustainable cities: Theoretical clues and empirical illustrations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ccs.2013.04.001
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Kirchberg;Sacha Kagan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Kirchberg;Sacha Kagan
这篇文章巩固了批判性城市社会学与对城市发展的文化可持续性的理解。后者要求以自组织创造力为基础的“复杂性文化”作为可持续创意城市的规定，而前者则为分析不可持续创意城市提供了理论依据。结合批判城市社会学和文化可持续性的范式，本文为理解艺术家的城市社会运动奠定了基础。一方面，这些运动抵制不可持续的城市发展;另一方面，他们努力争取机会，使城市社区成为创造性的可持续社区。列费夫尔的“城市权”概念、莫洛奇的“增长机器”理论以及史密斯对“中产阶级化”的阐述都特别适合解释“创意城市”的不可持续的城市发展。“文化可持续性”的对比术语将“可持续创造力”的概念与弹性和意外收获的概念相结合;在这里，城市发展并不局限于单一的经济目标。理论上的考虑是由三个案例研究说明在汉堡，德国，一个城市的新自由主义，即，不可持续的城市发展战略。这些案例展示了艺术、社会和政治目标的一系列交叉。它们代表了对不可持续的城市政治经济的适应程度，以及对创造力的不可持续的把握。它们还代表了对创造性可持续性城市文化的适应程度，需要限制增长，促进社会团结和塑造创造性可能性的领域。
This article consolidates critical urban sociology with the understanding of cultural sustainability towards urban development. Whereas the latter demands a ‘culture of complexity’ based on self-organized creativity as stipulation for a sustainable creative city, the former provides theories for analyzing unsustainable creative cities. By combining paradigms from critical urban sociology and cultural sustainability this article lays ground for understanding urban social movements by artists. On the one hand these movements resist unsustainable urban development; on the other hand they strive for opportunities that allow urban communities becoming creative sustainable neighborhoods. Lefebvre’s ‘Right to the City’ concept, Molotch’s ‘growth machine’ thesis, and Smith’s elaboration of ‘gentrification’ are particularly suited to explain the unsustainable urban development of ‘creative cities’. The contrasting term of ‘cultural sustainability’ combines ideas of ‘sustainable creativity’ with concepts of resilience and serendipity; here, urban development is not limited to mono-causal economic objectives. The theoretical considerations are illustrated by three case studies in Hamburg, Germany, a city with a neo-liberal, i.e., unsustainable, urban development strategy. The cases demonstrate ranges of crossovers of artistic, social and political objectives. They represent degrees of resilience against an unsustainable urban political economy with an unsustainable grasp on creativity. They also represent degrees of adaptation towards urban cultures of creative sustainability with needs of limiting growth, fostering social solidarity and shaping realms of creative possibilities.