Sudden onsets reflexively drive spatial attention, but those that predict reward do more
Sudden onsets reflexively drive spatial attention, but those that predict reward do more
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DOI：
10.1167/jov.20.7.30
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Grubb, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler, Devin R.;Grubb, Michael A.
一个意想不到的物体的突然出现引起了空间注意力的自动分配。即使没有眼球运动，不费力，但短暂的，知觉的改善发生在发病部位。关于这种外源性引起的隐蔽注意力转移的后果，我们已经知道了很多，但大多数研究使用的刺激很少携带额外的信息，如果有的话。在日常生活中，人们的注意力会被突发事件所吸引，根据过去的经验，这些突发事件提醒我们注意的不仅仅是它们的外表。最近大量的研究揭示了联想学习和注意力之间的相互作用，从而改进了当前的注意力控制模型；在本研究中，我们测试了两个关于意义灌输发作的功效的假设，特别是那些预测奖励的假设，以驱动隐蔽空间注意的反射分配，并更普遍地提高任务绩效。首先，空间上无信息的、可预测奖励的突发线索可能比非奖励预测的线索更有效地引发非自愿的注意力分配；第二，预测奖赏的外围线索的存在，无论其有效性如何，都可能以空间非特异性的方式影响全局注意过程。我们将金钱奖励与两个亮度定义的突然提示中的一个配对，并测量每个提示在视觉任务中调节表现的能力。在无意义刺激的重复研究中，两种突然发作的情况都反射性地改善了在有人在场的地方的视觉感知，相对于无人在场的地方。然而，当开始的特征预测金钱奖励的可用性时，感知的增强变得不那么受限制，并迅速传播到其他与任务相关的位置。
The sudden appearance of an unexpected object elicits the automatic allocation of spatial attention. Even without eye movements, effortless, but transient, improvements in perception occur at the onset location. Much is known about the consequences of such exogenously elicited shifts of covert attention, but most research has used stimuli that carry very little, if any, additional information. In everyday life, attention is captured by sudden onsets that, due to past experience, alert us to more than just their appearance. An abundance of recent work has shed light on the interaction of associative learning and attention, leading to refinements in current models of attentional control; in this study, we tested two hypotheses concerning the efficacy of meaning-imbued onsets, specifically those that predict reward, to drive the reflexive allocation of covert spatial attention and to improve task performance more generally. First, spatially uninformative, abrupt-onset cues that are predictive of reward may elicit the involuntary allocation of attention more effectively than nonreward-predictive onsets; second, the presence of peripheral cues that are predictive of reward, regardless of validity, may impact global attentional processes in a spatially nonspecific manner. We paired monetary reward with one of two luminance-defined, abrupt-onset cues and measured each cue's ability to modulate performance in a visual task. Replicating research with nonmeaning-imbued stimuli, both kinds of abrupt onsets reflexively improved visual perception at attended, relative to unattended, locations. However, when features of the onset predicted the availability of monetary reward, enhancements in perception become less constrained, spreading rapidly to other task-relevant locations.