News from the seabed - Geological characteristics and resource potential of deep-sea mineral resources
News from the seabed - Geological characteristics and resource potential of deep-sea mineral resources
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2016.03.012
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hannington, M. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petersen, S.;Kraeschell, A.;Hannington, M. D.
海洋矿物，如锰结核、富钴铁锰结壳和海底块状硫化物，通常被视为未来可能的资源，有可能增加全球原材料供应。目前，由于严重缺乏关于这些资源的大小、分布和组成的信息，不可能对这些资源进行适当的评估。然而，显然，锰结核和富钴铁锰结壳是一种巨大的资源，开采它们可能对全球金属市场产生深远影响，而全球海底块状硫化物的资源潜力似乎很小。这些深海矿产品是由非常不同的地质过程形成的，导致矿床具有明显不同的特征。地质边界条件还决定了未来任何采矿作业的规模和将受采矿影响的区域。同样，全球资源评估需要勘探的最有利区域的大小也取决于地质环境。锰结核的规模达到3800万公里(2)，而富钴结壳(170万公里(2))和块状硫化物(320万公里(2))的规模要小得多。此外，不同的大宗商品在某些司法管辖区比在其他司法管辖区更丰富。虽然只有19%的锰结核有利区域位于沿海国专属经济区内或被大陆架扩展提议所涵盖，但42%的块状硫化物有利区域和54%的富钴结壳有利区域位于专属经济区。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add to the global raw materials supply. At present, a proper assessment of these resources is not possible due to a severe lack of information regarding their size, distribution, and composition. It is clear, however, that manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts are a vast resource and mining them could have a profound impact on global metal markets, whereas the global resource potential of seafloor massive sulfides appears to be small. These deep-sea mineral commodities are formed by very different geological processes resulting in deposits with distinctly different characteristics. The geological boundary conditions also determine the size of any future mining operations and the area that will be affected by mining. Similarly, the sizes of the most favorable areas that need to be explored for a global resource assessment are also dependent on the geological environment. Size reaches 38 million km(2) for manganese nodules, while those for Co-rich crusts (1.7 million km(2)) and massive sulfides (3.2 million km(2)) are much smaller. Moreover, different commodities are more abundant in some jurisdictions than in others. While only 19% of the favorable area for manganese nodules lies within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states or is covered by proposals for the extension of the continental shelf, 42% of the favorable areas for massive sulfides and 54% for Co-rich crusts are located in EEZs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.