Selection for milk production from a lactation biology viewpoint
Selection for milk production from a lactation biology viewpoint
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)74981-2
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Akers, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akers, RM
选择提高奶牛产奶量的成功是显而易见的。当然，许多牛群现在的平均生产水平，只会与30年前牛群中最好的生产者有关。当然，这种成功有许多原因。其中包括遗传选择方法的改进和人工授精的相关使用，更好地满足营养需求和饮食配方，以及仔细注意乳房炎控制和挤奶管理。开发新的管理工具（即，牛生长激素、改良作物、发情检测装置、同期发情、个体动物性能监测和疾病预防）。虽然乳品经营的许多方面决定了整体业绩和盈利能力，本文的重点是乳房。信息表明，牛乳腺的结构和功能都受到了长期选择的直接影响，以增加产奶量，但改善功能可能更重要。本综述还考虑了试图开发可能选择遗传上优良上级动物的技术和测量方法的研究，包括循环激素的测量和乳腺组织功能的直接测定。
The success of selection for increased milk production in dairy cows is apparent. Certainly, many herds now have average production levels that would have only been associated with the best producers in the herd 30 yr ago. There are, of course, many reasons for this success. Among these are improvements in genetic selection methods and associated use of artificial insemination, better fulfillment of nutritional needs and diet formulation, and careful attention to mastitis control and milking management. Development of new management tools (i.e., bovine somatotropin, improved crops, estrus detection devices, estrus synchronization, monitoring of individual animal performance, and disease prevention) should not be forgotten. Although many aspects of a dairy operation determine overall performance and profitability, the focus of this paper is the udder. Information indicates that both the structure and function of the bovine mammary gland have been directly impacted by long-term selection for increased milk production but improved functionality may have been more important. This review also considered studies that attempt to develop techniques and measurements for possible selection of genetically superior animals including measurement of circulating hormones and direct assay of mammary tissue function.