Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups
Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups
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DOI：
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.90
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Assari, Shervin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Assari, Shervin
众所周知，经济资源（如教育、就业和居住地点）和心理资产（如自我效能感、对生活的感知控制、愤怒控制和情绪）对健康的影响。这篇文章总结了越来越多的证据证明黑人的回报减少的结果，定义为与白人相比，黑人从经济资源和心理资产中获得的健康收益系统性地更小。由于黑人在日常生活中面临的结构性障碍，与白人相比，同样的资源和资产给黑人带来的健康收益更小。即使在资源和资产平等的情况下，这种不平等的健康收益也不断在美国造成黑人和白人之间的种族健康差距。在本文中，基于这些发现，建议了一些公共政策。首先，公共政策的重点不应仅仅是平等地获得资源和资产，还应减少阻碍黑人的社会和结构性障碍。政策解决方案应旨在减少结构性种族主义的各种表现形式，包括但不限于薪酬差异、居住隔离、教育质量下降以及黑人和城市社区的犯罪。由于没有发现收入遵循其他资源和资产所显示的相同模式（即，收入使白人和黑人的死亡风险类似地下降），执行平等收入和提高边缘化人口最低工资的政策至关重要。提高青年的教育质量和年轻人的就业能力将使黑人能够竞争高薪工作。还需要减少劳动力市场上的种族主义和歧视的政策。如果没有这样的政策，要消除美国持续存在的种族健康差距，即使不是不可能，也是非常困难的。
The health effects of economic resources (eg, education, employment, and living place) and psychological assets (eg, self-efficacy, perceived control over life, anger control, and emotions) are well-known. This article summarizes the results of a growing body of evidence documenting Blacks' diminished return, defined as a systematically smaller health gain from economic resources and psychological assets for Blacks in comparison to Whites. Due to structural barriers that Blacks face in their daily lives, the very same resources and assets generate smaller health gain for Blacks compared to Whites. Even in the presence of equal access resources and assets, such unequal health gain constantly generates a racial health gap between Blacks and Whites in the United States. In this paper, a number of public policies are recommended based on these findings. First and foremost, public policies should not merely focus on equalizing access to resources and assets, but also reduce the societal and structural barriers that hinder Blacks. Policy solutions should aim to reduce various manifestations of structural racism including but not limited to differential pay, residential segregation, lower quality of education, and crime in Black and urban communities. As income was not found to follow the same pattern demonstrated for other resources and assets (ie, income generated similar decline in risk of mortality for Whites and Blacks), policies that enforce equal income and increase minimum wage for marginalized populations are essential. Improving quality of education of youth and employability of young adults will enable Blacks to compete for high paying jobs. Policies that reduce racism and discrimination in the labor market are also needed. Without such policies, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate the sustained racial health gap in the United States.