SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS IN THE INVITRO AND INVIVO DISSEMINATION OF VACCINIA
SIGNIFICANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS IN THE INVITRO AND INVIVO DISSEMINATION OF VACCINIA
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DOI：
10.1099/0022-1317-50-1-89
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
PAYNE, LG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PAYNE, LG
研究了细胞外有包膜痘苗病毒（EEV）对痘苗病毒体内外传播的意义。体外释放的细胞外病毒的量与13种牛痘菌株在低m.o.i.感染的细胞培养物中引起感染的长距离传播（彗星形成）的能力非常密切相关。[感染复数]，但与斑块大小无关。低m.o.i.后病毒传播的动力学。与原代感染细胞释放病毒量有关，而与细胞内裸痘苗病毒含量无关。来自IHD-J感染的[兔肾] RK-13细胞的大多数细胞外牛痘病毒在CsCl密度梯度中条带化为EEV（88%），而极少条带化为INV（2%）。包膜的抗血清阻止了彗星的形成，而INV的抗血清则没有。经环磷酰胺处理后，静脉感染牛痘病毒的兔的血源性细胞外病毒的CsCl离心显示，64%的病毒为EEV，但只有11%为INV。体外高产EEV的疫苗株能够从呼吸道传播到小鼠的大脑并导致死亡。体外低EEV屏蔽牛痘病毒株通常不能在体内传播或导致小鼠死亡。这一趋势的一个显著例外是WR株，它虽然在体外释放少量病毒，但在体内传播非常有效，导致小鼠死亡率很高。用抗包膜血清治疗保护小鼠免受致命的牛痘感染，而灭活INV的抗血清则不能。这些结果表明，牛痘感染的体外传播是由EEV介导的，并暗示EEV在体内传播中起作用。
The significance of extracellular enveloped vaccinia (EEV) for the in vitro and in vivo dissemination of vaccinia virus was investigated. The quantity of in vitro released extracellular virus correlated very closely with the ability of 13 vaccinia strains to cause long-range spread of infection (comet formation) in cell cultures infected at low m.o.i. [multiplicity of infection] but was not correlated with plaque size. The kinetics of virus spread after low m.o.i. was related to the amount of virus released from primary infected cells but not to their content of intracellular naked vaccinia (INV). Most extracellular vaccinia virus from IHD-J-infected [rabbit kidney] RK-13 cells banded in CsCl density gradient as EEV (88%) while very little banded as INV (2%). Antisera to the envelope prevented comet formation while antisera to INV did not. CsCl centrifugation of blood-borne extracellular virus from rabbits infected intravenously with vaccinia virus after cyclophosphamide treatment revealed that 64% of the virus banded as EEV but only 11% as INV. High in vitro EEV-yielding vaccina strains were able to spread from the respiratory tract to the brains of mice and cause death. Low in vitro EEV-hielding vaccinia strains were generally not able to disseminate in vivo or cause mouse mortality. The notable exception to this trend was strain WR, which, although releasing small amounts of virus in vitro, could nevertheless very effectively disseminate in vivo, causing a high rate of mouse mortality. Treatment with anti-envelope serum protected mice from a lethal vaccinia infection whereas antiserum to inactivated INV did not. These results indicate that the in vitro dissemination of vaccinia infection is mediated by EEV and implicate EEV as having a role in the in vivo dissemination.