Hard choices: Making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being
Hard choices: Making trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human well-being
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.038
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Sheila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McShane, Thomas O.;Hirsch, Paul D.;O'Connor, Sheila
既保护生物多样性又促进人类福祉的双赢解决方案很难实现。权衡取舍和由此带来的艰难抉择是常态。自2008年以来，在社会背景下推进保护（ACSC）研究计划一直在调查人类福祉和生物多样性保护目标之间存在的复杂权衡，以及保护和其他经济，政治和社会议程之间的多个尺度。解决权衡问题是困难的，因为社会问题--保护是其中之一--可以以各种不同的方式被感知和理解，受到人们如何被抚养和教育、他们的生活经历以及他们所面临的选择的影响（至少部分）。关于“正确”的保护方法的预先存在的假设往往掩盖了权力和理解方面的重要差异，并可能限制政策和方案干预的成功。新的保护辩论挑战保护主义者明确损失，成本和艰难的选择，以便他们可以公开讨论和诚实谈判。如果不这样做，可能会导致期望无法实现，最终导致冲突无法解决。本文探讨了保护和人类福祉双赢方法的背景和局限性，讨论了在权衡和艰难选择方面应对保护挑战的前景，并提出了一套指导原则，可用于指导有关权衡的战略分析和沟通。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Win-win solutions that both conserve biodiversity and promote human well-being are difficult to realize. Trade-offs and the hard choices they entail are the norm. Since 2008, the Advancing Conservation in a Social Context (ACSC) research initiative has been investigating the complex trade-offs that exist between human well-being and biodiversity conservation goals, and between conservation and other economic, political and social agendas across multiple scales. Resolving trade-offs is difficult because social problems - of which conservation is one - can be perceived and understood in a variety of disparate ways, influenced (in part at least) by how people are raised and educated, their life experiences, and the options they have faced. Pre-existing assumptions about the "right" approach to conservation often obscure important differences in both power and understanding, and can limit the success of policy and programmatic interventions. The new conservation debate challenges conservationists to be explicit about losses, costs, and hard choices so they can be openly discussed and honestly negotiated. Not to do so can lead to unrealized expectations, and ultimately to unresolved conflict. This paper explores the background and limitations of win-win approaches to conservation and human well-being, discusses the prospect of approaching conservation challenges in terms of trade-offs and hard choices, and presents a set of guiding principles that can serve to orient strategic analysis and communication regarding trade-offs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.