The origin and development of the venous valves, with particular reference to the saphenous district
The origin and development of the venous valves, with particular reference to the saphenous district
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DOI：
10.1002/aja.1000380306
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发表时间：
1927-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Birch, CLF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kampmeier, OF;Birch, CLF
研究材料为2个月至足月的人胎。第一个瓣膜在大约3.5个月时出现在四肢的静脉中。在隐区的阀门配额是完整的第6个月开始。二叶瓣开始时是一对不明显的，或多或少横向放置在静脉内的内皮脊。通过间充质的侵入、脊的伸长和倾斜以及背风面的凹面的形成，原基逐渐转变为瓣囊。巧合的是，静脉腔在囊的水平上向外张开，从而有助于鼻窦的形成。在这种情况下，环形肌发育不足，图尼卡中膜厚度增长不足。瓣膜的形成可划分为5个发生阶段。在非典型瓣膜中，描述了单尖瓣和三尖瓣，这两种瓣膜都可能遗传自双尖瓣。还观察到残留瓣膜。列举了各种立场。胎儿的数量变异性已经很明显了。除了在肾静脉与后腔静脉的连接处存在括约肌样增厚外，在前者中还存在完美形成的瓣膜。
Human fetuses from 2 months to full term constituted the material studied. The 1st valves arise in the veins of the extremities at approximately 3.5 months. In the saphenous district the quota of valves is complete at the beginning of the 6th month. A bicuspid valve begins as a pair of inconspicuous and more or less transversely placed endothelial ridges inside the vein. By invasion of mesenchyme, elongation and slanting of the ridges, and formation of a concavity on their leeward face, the anlagen are gradually converted into valval sacs. Coincidently, the venous cavity flares outward at the level of the sacs, so aiding in production of the sinuses. At such points there is a deficiency in circular muscle development and growth in thickness of the tunica media. The formative period of a valve may be demarcated into 5 genetic phases. Of atypical valves, unicuspid and tricuspid are described, both of which may be derived genetically from the bicuspid. Vestigial valves were also observed. Varieties of position are enumerated. Numerical variability is already evident in the fetus. Besides the presence of a sphincter-like thickening at the junctions of the renal veins with the postcava, perfectly formed valves occur in the former.