Impacts of Ecological Migration on Land Use and Vegetation Restoration in Arid Zones
Impacts of Ecological Migration on Land Use and Vegetation Restoration in Arid Zones
复制标题
干旱区生态移民对土地利用和植被恢复的影响
DOI：
10.3390/land11060891
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Fengning Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Zhang;Liang Zhou;Yan Zhang;Zhijie Chen;Fengning Hu
贫困和灾害在全球生态脆弱地区普遍存在。生态移民被认为是解决这些问题的有效途径。本文研究了2010 - 2018年古浪县生态移民的空间格局以及相应的土地利用和植被恢复的时空变化。为此，我们计算了三个指标：土地利用转移矩阵，归一化植被指数（NDVI），植被恢复度（VRD）。我们发现，古浪县生态移民从祁连山国家公园迁移到平原区与沙漠的交汇处。空间格局由高海拔向低海拔变化，坡度逐渐减小。移民的分布更集中，受交通条件和地方政府的指导。生态移民对整村移民区未利用地和移民安置区建设用地的影响最大，分别为625%和279.3%。迁出地的耕地和建设用地主要被草地和林地替代。与此相反，安置区的草地和未利用地被转为耕地和建设用地。生态移民后古浪县的植被指数和植被恢复指数均显著增加，说明移民迁出地植被恢复较快。整乡移民区的VRD大于整村移民区（121% > 68%）。对NDVI增加的主要贡献是林改草，占33%。此外，从其他类型的土地到草地的过渡比转换为森林对NDVI的贡献更大。
Poverty and disasters are globally prevalent in ecologically fragile areas. Ecological migration is regarded as an effective way to address these issues. This paper investigates the spatial pattern of ecological migration and the corresponding spatiotemporal changes in land use and vegetation restoration in Gulang County, located in northwest China, between 2010 and 2018. For this purpose, we calculated three indicators: the transfer matrix of land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and vegetation restoration degree (VRD). We found that ecological migrants in Gulang County moved from the Qilian Mountain National Park to the intersection between flat area and desert. The spatial patterns ranged from high-altitude to low-altitude, and the slopes became less steep. The distribution of the resettlements is more clustered and shaped by the traffic conditions and guided by the local governments. Unused land in the whole-village migration area and construction land in the resettlement area were dramatically impacted by ecological migration (625% and 279.3%, respectively). The cropland and construction land in the outmigration areas were mainly replaced with grassland and forest. In contrast, the grassland and unused land in the resettlement area were transferred to cropland and construction land. After ecological migration, the mean NDVI and VRD in Gulang County significantly increased, indicating that the vegetation in the outmigration areas quickly recovered. Moreover, the VRD in the whole-township migration areas was greater than that in the whole-village migration areas (121% > 68%). The main contribution to the increase in NDVI was the conversion of forest to grassland, accounting for 33%. In addition, the transition from other types of land to grassland made a larger contribution to the NDVI than conversions to forest.