Continental-scale homogenization of residential lawn plant communities
Continental-scale homogenization of residential lawn plant communities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.05.004
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
M. Wheeler;C. Neill;P. Groffman;Meghan L. Avolio;N. Bettez;J. Cavender-Bares;R. R. Chowdhury-R.;Lindsay E. Darling;J. Grove;S. Hall;J. Heffernan;S. Hobbie;K. Larson;J. Morse;K. Nelson;L. Ogden;J. O'Neil-Dunne;D. Pataki;C. Polsky;M. Steele;T. Trammell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wheeler;C. Neill;P. Groffman;Meghan L. Avolio;N. Bettez;J. Cavender-Bares;R. R. Chowdhury-R.;Lindsay E. Darling;J. Grove;S. Hall;J. Heffernan;S. Hobbie;K. Larson;J. Morse;K. Nelson;L. Ogden;J. O'Neil-Dunne;D. Pataki;C. Polsky;M. Steele;T. Trammell
住宅草坪是美国城市化景观中高度管理的生态系统。由于草坪无处不在，因此草坪是研究城市土地利用和管理的潜在生态影响以及气候对生态系统结构和功能的大陆尺度影响的良好系统。我们假设，在美国各地的住宅区类似的房主的喜好和管理将导致低植物物种多样性的草坪和相对均匀的植被在广泛的地理区域。我们还假设，草坪植物物种丰富度将增加区域温度和降水由于存在自发的，杂草植被，但会减少家庭收入和化肥的使用。为了测试这些预测，我们比较了美国七个大都市地区住宅草坪的植物物种组成和丰富度。我们还比较了草坪与林下植被在最低限度管理的参考区域在每个城市的物种组成。正如预期的那样，栽培草坪草的组成是更相似的草坪之间比参考地区，但这种模式也举行自发物种。草坪植物物种丰富度和多样性的变化比参考地区，更多样化的草坪发生在降水量较高的大都市地区。原生杂类草多样性随降水量增加而增加，随收入增加而减少，这些预测因子也推动了整体草坪多样性趋势。我们的研究结果表明，管理和区域气候塑造了草坪物种组成，但无论区域背景如何，物种的整体同质性强烈表明管理是一个更重要的驱动因素。
Residential lawns are highly managed ecosystems that occur in urbanized landscapes across the United States. Because they are ubiquitous, lawns are good systems in which to study the potential homogenizing effects of urban land use and management together with the continental-scale effects of climate on ecosystem structure and functioning. We hypothesized that similar homeowner preferences and management in residential areas across the United States would lead to low plant species diversity in lawns and relatively homogeneous vegetation across broad geographical regions. We also hypothesized that lawn plant species richness would increase with regional temperature and precipitation due to the presence of spontaneous, weedy vegetation, but would decrease with household income and fertilizer use. To test these predictions, we compared plant species composition and richness in residential lawns in seven U.S. metropolitan regions. We also compared species composition in lawns with understory vegetation in minimally-managed reference areas in each city. As expected, the composition of cultivated turfgrasses was more similar among lawns than among reference areas, but this pattern also held among spontaneous species. Plant species richness and diversity varied more among lawns than among reference areas, and more diverse lawns occurred in metropolitan areas with higher precipitation. Native forb diversity increased with precipitation and decreased with income, driving overall lawn diversity trends with these predictors as well. Our results showed that both management and regional climate shaped lawn species composition, but the overall homogeneity of species regardless of regional context strongly suggested that management was a more important driver.