Effects of acorn tannin content on infection by the fungus Ciboria batschiana
Effects of acorn tannin content on infection by the fungus Ciboria batschiana
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00612.x
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
A. Takahashi;Y. Ichihara;Y. Isagi;T. Shimada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Takahashi;Y. Ichihara;Y. Isagi;T. Shimada
白栎果孢菌（Ciboria batteriana）是一种产果盘菌，是锯缘栎（Quercus serrata）橡子的病原菌，其子叶中含有大量的单宁。假设C.根据橡子单宁含量的不同，蝙蝠蛾的感染可能不同。为了验证这一假设，我们调查了橡子的存活与C。使用近红外光谱分析非破坏性地估计batteryana和单宁含量。此外，接种试验表明，单宁含量高的橡实对炭疽病的抗性较强。batteryana比单宁含量较低的品种更好。我们认为C.不同橡子的单宁含量不同。1引言在欧洲，真菌Ciboria batteriana（Zopf）Buchwald是一种果生盘菌，是一种众所周知的栎属橡子（种子）病原体（Schroüder et al. 2004）。在橡子侵袭后，真菌形成假菌核，导致患病子叶变黑和木栓状，随后在接下来的秋天假菌核上发展出炭疽病。橡实孢囊菌排出大量的子囊孢子，这些孢子感染成熟的橡实（Schroüder 2002）。C. batteryana导致橡子生存力的可避免的恶化（Schroüder等，2004）。在自然界中，每年的感染率是变化的，C.蝙蝠蛾可以摧毁高达80%的橡子作物（Procha 'zkova' et al. 2005）。传播C。在日本，C. batteriana也可能导致森林中橡树幼苗数量的严重损失（Procha 'zkova' et al.2005）。白栎（Quercus serrata）和皱叶栎（Quercus crispula）（syn.蒙古栎grosseserrata）橡实（Otani 1990）和接种的结果表明，C. batteryana对这类橡子是致病的（Y. Ichihara，Y. Masuya和T. Kubono，unpublished）. Q.锯齿橡子含有大量的单宁（Takahashi and Shimada 2008）。单宁具有抗菌特性，抑制细胞外微生物酶，或直接作用于微生物代谢（Scalbert 1991）。单宁含量测定结果表明，单株Q. serrata橡子差异很大（Takahashi and Shimada 2008）。因此，我们假设C. batschiana可能根据各个橡子的单宁含量而有所不同。为了验证这一假设，我们研究了橡子存活与C。甘薯和橡子单宁含量，这是非破坏性估计接种前使用近红外光谱（NIRS）。Path. 40（2010）96-99 doi：10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00612.x 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Summary Ciboria batschiana, a fructicolous Discomycete, is a pathogen of Quercus serrata acorns, which containconsiderable amounts of tannins in the cotyledons. It was hypothesized that the severity ofC. batschiana infection may differ according to individual acorn tannin content. To examine thishypothesis, we investigated the relationship between survival of acorns to C. batschiana and tannincontent, estimated non-destructively using near infrared spectroscopy analysis. In addition, aninoculation experiment showed that acorns with higher tannin contents were more resistant toC. batschiana than those with lower tannin contents. We conclude that infection success ofC. batschiana differs with tannin content of individual acorns. 1 Introduction In Europe the fungus Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) Buchwald, a fructicolous Discomycete, is awell known pathogen of Quercus acorns (seeds) (Schro¨der et al. 2004). Following acornattack the fungus forms a pseudosclerotium, causing diseased cotyledons to turn black andcorky, with subsequent development of apothecia on the pseudosclerotium the followingautumn. Apothecia eject huge numbers of ascospores, which infect mature acorns(Schro¨der 2002). Severe decay of individual acorns by C. batschiana causes irrevocabledeterioration in acorn viability (Schro¨der et al. 2004). In nature, where the annualinfection rate varies, C. batschiana can destroy up to 80% of an acorn crop (Procha´zkova´et al. 2005). Spread of C. batschiana may also result in severe losses in seedling populationsof oaks in forests (Procha´zkova´ et al. 2005).In Japan, C. batschiana apothecia develop on Quercus serrata and Quercus crispula(syn. Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata) acorns (Otani 1990) and inoculations haveshown that C. batschiana is pathogenic to such acorns (Y. Ichihara, Y. Masuya, andT. Kubono, unpublished). Cotyledons of Q. serrata acorns contain large amounts oftannins (Takahashi and Shimada 2008). Tannins have antimicrobial properties,inhibiting extracellular microbial enzymes, or acting directly on microbial metabolism(Scalbert 1991). The tannin content of individual Q. serrata acorns varies greatly(Takahashi and Shimada 2008). Therefore, we hypothesized that infection byC. batschiana may differ according to the tannin content of individual acorns. Toexamine this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between acorn survival againstC. batschiana and acorn tannin content, which was non-destructively estimated beforeinoculation using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).For. Path. 40 (2010) 96–99 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00612.x 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH