The Renew Deal: The Fall of Regulation and the Rise of Governance in Contemporary Legal Thought
The Renew Deal: The Fall of Regulation and the Rise of Governance in Contemporary Legal Thought
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新政：当代法律思想中监管的衰落和治理的兴起
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
Orly Lobel
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作者：
Orly Lobel
半个多世纪以前，新政标志着美国政体的范式转变。在救济、恢复、改革的使命下，现代规制型行政国家诞生了。在21世纪初，一种新的范式正在出现，它将政治经济学的最新发展与法律和民主理论的进步联系在一起。本文介绍了从传统的新政监管模式向续期新政治理模式的转变。文章既断言了一种新模式的出现，又批判性地探讨了其各要素之间的相互作用。它揭示了法律领域普遍存在的对新事物的要求，询问了为什么法律项目寻求创新以及它们的反应。同时，它为理解更新项目提供了一个全面的地图，包括新兴范式的可能含义和解释之间的内部竞争。本文将理论的微观层面、行政法和宪法的宏观层面以及法理学的元层面的核心著作整合到一个统一的框架中，探索通过采用一种新的法律模式来更新的可能性。通过理论探究和案例研究，本文描述了治理模式的组织原则，包括非国家行为体的参与增加、公共/私人合作、多样性和竞争、分权和辅助、政策领域的整合、灵活性和非强制性（软法）、适应性和学习，以及最后的法律协调。这些特征在治理的三个主要领域——新工作场所政策、公民环境保护主义和网络民主——进行了仔细分析。这篇文章认为，新治理被有意和巧妙地设计为理论和实践的混合学派，从对立的思想流派和关于监管和市场失灵的批判性见解中汲取元素。通过对法律途径的实用主义综合，治理模式面对集中监管与放松监管的权力下放的虚假困境。文章最后讨论了21世纪新生的治理体制所引发的规范性挑战，并提出了在“新协议时代”推进民主、问责制和合法性的方法。
Over half a century ago, the New Deal signified a paradigm shift in the American polity. Under the mandate of relief, recovery, and reform, the modern regulatory administrative state was created. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, a new paradigm is emerging that ties together recent developments in the political-economy with advances in legal and democratic theory. This article introduces the new vision as a shift from the traditional New Deal Regulatory model to a Renew Deal Governance model. The article both asserts the emergence of a new model and critically explores the interplay among its various elements. It unpacks the widespread claims of newness in the field of law, asking why legal projects seek to be innovative and to what they respond. At the same time, it offers a comprehensive map for understanding renewal projects collectively, including the internal competition among the possible meanings and interpretations of the emerging paradigm. Integrating into a unified framework central works at the micro-level of doctrine, at the macro-level of administrative and constitutional law, and at the meta-level of jurisprudence, the article explores the possibility of renewal through adoption of a new legal model. Through both theoretical inquiry and case study, the article describes the organizing principles of the governance model, which consist of increased participation of non-state actors, public/private collaboration, diversity and competition, decentralization and subsidiarity, integration of policy domains, flexibility and non-coerciveness (soft law), adaptability and learning, and finally, legal orchestration. These features are closely analyzed in three leading domains of governance - new workplace policies, civic environmentalism, and cyberdemocracy. The article argues that new governance is purposely and ingeniously designed as a school of theoretical and practical hybridization, drawing together elements from rival schools of thought and critical insights concerning both regulatory and market failures. Through the pragmatic synthesis of legal approaches, the governance model confronts the false dilemma of centralized regulation and deregulatory devolution. The article concludes with a discussion of the normative challenges that are evoked in the nascent governance regime of the twenty-first century, and suggests ways in which democracy, accountability, and legitimacy are advanced in the Renew Deal Era.