Unidentified inert ingredients in pesticides: Implications for human and environmental health
Unidentified inert ingredients in pesticides: Implications for human and environmental health
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9374
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Surgan, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cox, Caroline;Surgan, Michael
背景：根据美国和其他地方的法规或法规，农药成分分为两类：活性成分和惰性成分（有时称为其他成分、助剂或助剂）。尽管有其名称，惰性成分可能具有生物或化学活性，并且仅因其在配制产品中的功能而被标记为惰性。注册农药所需的大多数测试都是单独针对活性成分进行的，而不是针对秋季农药制剂。惰性成分通常不会在产品标签上标明，并且通常被声称是机密商业信息。 目的：在本评论中，我们描述了当前评估农药制剂危害的程序的缺点，并证明惰性成分可以增加农药制剂的毒性和潜在的接触农药制剂的风险。讨论：惰性成分可以增加农药制剂影响重要毒理学终点的能力，包括发育神经毒性、遗传毒性和激素功能破坏。它们还可以通过增加皮肤吸收、降低防护服的功效以及增加环境流动性和持久性来增加接触。惰性成分会增加农药制剂的植物毒性以及对鱼类、两栖动物和微生物的毒性。结论：农药登记应要求对制剂进行秋季评估。根据《国家环境政策法》、《濒危物种法》和类似法规对农药进行的评估应包括制剂的影响评估。农药的环境监测应包括惰性成分。为了进行独立研究和风险评估，应在产品标签上标明惰性成分。
BACKGROUND: By statute or regulation in the United States and elsewhere, pesticide ingredients are divided into two categories: active and inert (sometimes referred to as other ingredients, adjuvants, or coformulants). Despite their name, inert ingredients may be biologically or chemically active and are labeled inert only because of their function in the formulated product. Most of the tests required to register a pesticide are performed with the active ingredient alone, not the fall pesticide formulation. Inert ingredients are generally not identified on product labels and are often claimed to be confidential business information.OBJECTIVES: In this commentary, we describe the shortcomings of the current procedures for assessing the hazards of pesticide formulations and demonstrate that inert ingredients can increase the toxicity of and potential exposure to pesticide formulations.DISCUSSION: Inert ingredients can increase the ability of pesticide formulations to affect significant toxicologic end points, including developmental neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and disruption of hormone function. They can also increase exposure by increasing dermal absorption, decreasing the efficacy of protective clothing, and increasing environmental mobility and persistence. Inert ingredients can increase the phytotoxicity of pesticide formulations as well as the toxicity to Fish, amphibians, and microorganisms.CONCLUSIONS: Pesticide registration should require fall assessment of formulations. Evaluations of pesticides under the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, and similar statutes should include impact assessment of formulations. Environmental monitoring for pesticides should include inert ingredients. To enable independent research and risk assessment, inert ingredients should be identified on product labels.