Mental Health Research in Asia and the Pacific
Mental Health Research in Asia and the Pacific
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亚洲及太平洋地区的心理健康研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Caudill;T. Lin
太平洋。由威廉·考迪尔博士和林宗义博士编辑，售价12.50美元。页487。东西中心出版社，檀香山96822,1969。这本书是1966年在夏威夷大学东西中心举行的亚洲和太平洋心理健康研究会议的成果，来自大洋洲、欧洲和北美的一个杰出的多学科研究小组探讨了亚洲国家如何利用西方精神病学理论和技术来理解跨文化环境中行为的异同等问题。并试图就人类行为的共同点达成某种协议，而不考虑文化差异。编辑威廉·考迪尔博士，一位社会人类学家，和林宗义博士，一位精神流行病学家，他们都参加了会议，他们做了一项令人钦佩的工作，将他们的同事的工作（并保持他们的意见不打扰）分为三个主题部分，以这样一种方式呈现会议过程和讨论，对读者最有帮助和最经济。第一部分，题为“精神疾病鉴定和研究中的问题”，包含14篇论文，这些论文表明了对西方理论和技术的强烈依赖，特别是那些描述性流行病学，这使得这项工作看起来与大约十年前在西方产生的工作相似。从这个意义上说，它是过时的，但它确实有历史价值。叶博士的论文《文化约束反应综合症》（The Culture-bound Reactive syndrome）最让我感兴趣的是，它试图从标准病分学的角度来看待这些“外来综合症”。一些关于萨满教的论文在补充和修改以前收集到的关于地方治疗的一些数据方面是有价值的。第二部分题为“社会结构和文化对人类行为的影响”，包含12篇论文，其中大多数试图探讨文化对冲动和情感表达、家庭组织和心理健康或不健康、社会变化和行为障碍感知的影响。“日本的少数民族地位和越轨行为”一章是正确的，因为在某些情况下，少数民族地位与论文中所述的自杀频率有很强的联系，但这与精神疾病有什么关系尚不清楚。最后一部分由评论员撰写的关于会议总体和讨论结果的四篇论文组成。E. C. Wittkower博士委婉地指出，会议没有发展出一种方法来提供关于东方与西方男性精神疾病发病率的有效信息。他还指出，与西方相比，在亚洲，精神疾病更容易因感染和维生素缺乏而加剧和恶化，但程度尚不清楚。最后，他指出了上述研究的其他主要缺陷。A. H. Leighton博士指出，在这项工作中，没有过度简化或使用刻板印象，而刻板印象是早期跨文化研究的特征。然后，他继续仔细而有效地描述了一些适当的问题（受到本次会议工作的启发）和寻求答案的可能的研究策略。林恩博士将这个家庭的情况总结为
Pacific. Edited by William Caudill, PhD, and Tsung-yi Lin, MD. Price, $12.50. Pp 487. East-West Center Press, Honolulu 96822,1969. This volume is the result of a conference on mental health research in Asia and the Pacific held at the East-West Center, University of Hawaii, in 1966, at which a distinguished multidisciplinary group of investigators from Australasia, Europe, and North America explored such questions as how Asian countries had made use of Western psychiatric theories and techniques to understand similarities and differences in behavior in cross-cultural settings, as well as attempted to reach some agreement on common denominators in human behavior regardless of cultural differences. The editors, Dr. William Caudill, a social anthropologist, and Dr. Tsung-yi Lin, a psychiatric epidemiologist, both of whom participated in the conference, have done an admirable job of organizing the work of their colleagues (and keeping their opinions from intruding) into three topical sections which present the proceedings and discussion in such a way as to be most helpful and economical to the reader. The first section, entitled "Issues in the Identification and Study of Mental Illness," contains 14 papers which indicate a strong reliance on Western theory and techniques, particularly those of descriptive epidemiology, which makes this work seem similar to that produced about ten years ago in the West. In that sense it is dated, but it does have historical value. The paper by Dr. Yap, "The Culture-bound Reactive Syndromes," was of most interest to me in its attempt to view those "exotic syndromes" in terms of standard nosology. Some papers on shamanism were of value in adding to and modifying some of the previous data collected on local healing. The second section, entitled "Effects of Social Structure and Culture on Human Behavior," contains 12 papers, most of which attempt to explore cultural effects on the expression of impulse and affect, family organization and mental health or ill health, and social change and the perception of behavior disorder. The chapter on "Minori¬ ty Status and Deviancy in Japan" is correct insofar as minority status in certain situa¬ tions has a strong association with delin¬ quency as stated in the paper, but what that has to do with mental illness is not clear. The last section is composed of four pa¬ pers by commentators on the totality of the conference and the discussion generated. Dr. E. C. Wittkower gently states that the con¬ ferees have developed no methods to give valid information on the frequency of men¬ tal disorders in the East as compared to the West. He also notes that in Asia, much more than in the West, mental illness is precipi¬ tated and aggravated by infections and vita¬ min deficiency, but to an unknown degree. Last, he points out the other major defects of the research noted above. Dr. A. H. Leighton states that there is no oversimpli¬ fication or ready use of stereotypes which had characterized earlier cross-cultural re¬ search in this work. He then continues by carefully and usefully delineating a number of appropriate questions (stimulated by the work of this conference) and possible re¬ search strategies for seeking answers. Dr. L. Lynne summarizes the case of the family as