Under the Hood of the Ethereum Gossip Protocol
Under the Hood of the Ethereum Gossip Protocol
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-64331-0_23
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lucianna Kiffer;Asad Salman;Dave Levin;A. Mislove;C. Nita-Rotaru
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文献类型：
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作者：
Lucianna Kiffer;Asad Salman;Dave Levin;A. Mislove;C. Nita-Rotaru
区块链协议的主要安全目标是达成共识：网络中每个人都同意的全球分类账的一个版本。他们的安全性证明依赖于对他们的点对点（P2P）覆盖网络运行情况的假设。然而，令人惊讶的是，人们对影响P2P网络特性的因素知之甚少。在这项工作中，我们广泛研究了以太坊P2P网络的连通性及其块传播机制。我们通过运行官方以太坊客户端geth来收集以太坊网络上的数据，该客户端被修改为与许多邻居一起运行的“超级对等体”。我们在北美运营这个客户超过7个月，以及在世界各地拥有多个优势的短期运营。我们的结果揭示了令人难以置信的大量流失，以及真正有用的对等体（即传播新块的对等体）数量少得惊人。我们还发现，节点的位置对何时听到区块有重大影响，并且随着时间的推移，这种行为的确切行为已经发生了变化（例如，美国的节点不太可能首先听到新区块）。最后，我们发现prune block的传播速度比uncle快。
Blockchain protocols’ primary security goal is consensus: one version of the global ledger that everyone in the network agrees on. Their proofs of security depend on assumptions on how well their peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks operate. Yet, surprisingly, little is understood about what factors influence the P2P network properties. In this work, we extensively study the Ethereum P2P network’s connectivity and its block propagation mechanism. We gather data on the Ethereum network by running the official Ethereum client,geth, modified to run as a “super peer” with many neighbors. We run this client in North America for over seven months, as well as shorter runs with multiple vantages around the world. Our results expose an incredible amount of churn, and a surprisingly small number of peers who are actually useful (that is, who propagate new blocks). We also find that a node’s location has a significant impact on when it hears about blocks, and that the precise behavior of this has changed over time (e.g., nodes in the US have become less likely to hear about new blocks first). Finally, we find prune blocks propagate faster than uncles.