Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: Progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities
Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: Progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.21340
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
254.7
通讯作者：
Jemal, Ahmedin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeSantis, Carol E.;Siegel, Rebecca L.;Jemal, Ahmedin
在这篇文章中，美国癌症协会提供了美国黑人新发癌症病例和死亡人数的估计数字，以及有关癌症发病率、死亡率、生存率、筛查和癌症风险因素的最新数据。发病率数据来自国家癌症研究所、疾病控制和预防中心以及北美中央癌症登记协会，死亡率数据来自国家卫生统计中心。2016年，黑人将新增约189，910例癌症病例和69，410例癌症死亡。虽然黑人的癌症死亡率仍然高于白人，但男女所有癌症的死亡率以及男性肺癌和前列腺癌的死亡率差距已经缩小。相比之下，女性乳腺癌死亡率的种族差距有所扩大，男性结直肠癌死亡率的种族差距保持不变。自20世纪90年代初以来，癌症总死亡率的下降意味着避免了30多万黑人死亡。在男性中，从2003年到2012年，所有癌症的发病率都有所下降（每年下降2.0%），前三大癌症部位（前列腺、肺和结直肠）的发病率也有所下降。在妇女中，相应时期的总体发病率保持不变，反映了乳腺癌发病率的上升趋势以及肺癌和结直肠癌发病率的下降趋势。在大多数癌症的每个诊断阶段，黑人的五年相对生存率都低于白人。这些差距在多大程度上反映了与其他因素相比获得保健的机会不平等，这仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。通过确保公平获得预防、早期发现和高质量治疗，可以加快在降低癌症死亡率方面取得进展。CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66：290-308. (c)2016美国癌症协会
In this article, the American Cancer Society provides the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths for blacks in the United States and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, screening, and risk factors for cancer. Incidence data are from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics. Approximately 189,910 new cases of cancer and 69,410 cancer deaths will occur among blacks in 2016. Although blacks continue to have higher cancer death rates than whites, the disparity has narrowed for all cancers combined in men and women and for lung and prostate cancers in men. In contrast, the racial gap in death rates has widened for breast cancer in women and remained level for colorectal cancer in men. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since the early 1990s translates to the avoidance of more than 300,000 deaths among blacks. In men, incidence rates from 2003 to 2012 decreased for all cancers combined (by 2.0% per year) as well as for the top 3 cancer sites (prostate, lung, and colorectal). In women, overall rates during the corresponding time period remained unchanged, reflecting increasing trends in breast cancer combined with decreasing trends in lung and colorectal cancer rates. Five-year relative survival is lower for blacks than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Progress in reducing cancer death rates could be accelerated by ensuring equitable access to prevention, early detection, and high-quality treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:290-308. (c) 2016 American Cancer Society