Forgone opportunities of large-scale agricultural investment: A comparison of three models of soya production in Central Mozambique
Forgone opportunities of large-scale agricultural investment: A comparison of three models of soya production in Central Mozambique
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wdp.2019.100145
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Mahamane, Mansour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baumert, Sophia;Fisher, Janet;Mahamane, Mansour
农业是非洲繁荣和经济增长的主要引擎之一，但支持农村发展和扶贫的有效农业战略尚未确定。虽然国家对小规模农业部门的投资很少，而中等规模的“新兴”家庭农场部门的代表性仍然不足，但提倡大规模土地投资，将其作为将资本引入农村地区和刺激发展的手段。然而，很少有实证研究来对比农业发展战略并了解其优势和劣势。我们对莫桑比克中部的小规模农户、中型机械化新兴农户和大规模商业经营的不同大豆生产模式及其社会经济方面进行了分析。根据在古鲁地区 10 个村庄有目的地收集的数据，我们的研究结果表明，大规模种植园造成了局部土地稀缺，而雇佣劳动力和当地投资带来的好处并不能补偿农村人口失去土地的机会。中小型大豆种植也会导致土地供应量减少，但提供了更大的社会经济效益，例如农场就业和当地价值链上的工作机会。中小型大豆生产增加了农内和农外收入，并对当地经济产生溢出效应。无法检测到这些大豆生产模式对粮食生产的负面影响；相反，种植大豆显着提高了轮作玉米的产量。这些研究结果表明，中小型商业化农业可以在关键社会经济参数方面与大规模经营竞争，并且集中于大规模投资可能会导致放弃农村发展和减贫的机会。
Agriculture is one of the main engines for prosperity and economic growth in Africa but effective agricultural strategies to support rural development and poverty alleviation are not yet identified. While state investment in the small-scale farming sector is minimal, and the medium-scale "emergent" household farm sector remains underrepresented, large-scale land investments are advocated as means to bring capital to rural areas and stimulate development. Yet, little empirical research has been done to contrast agricultural development strategies and to understand their strengths and weaknesses. We present an analysis of different soya production models small-scale farmers, medium-scale mechanised emergent farmers, and large-scale commercial operations - and their socio-economic aspects in Central Mozambique. Based on purposefully collected data in 10 villages in Gurue district, our findings suggest that large-scale plantations create localized land scarcity and that the benefits from wage labour and local investments do not compensate rural populations for lost access to land. Small- and medium-scale soya farming also leads to decreasing land availability, but provides greater socioeconomic benefits such as on-farm employment and work opportunities along the local value chain. Small- and medium-scale soya production increases on- and off-farm income and leads to spill-over effects to the local economy. Negative effects of these models of soya production on food production could not be detected; instead the cultivation of soya significantly increases maize yields grown in rotation. These findings suggest that small- and medium-scale commercial farming can compete with large-scale operations in key socio-economic parameters and that a concentration on large-scale investments can result in forgone opportunities regarding rural development and poverty reduction.