Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels: A state-of-the-art review
Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels: A state-of-the-art review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/bf02484228
复制
发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Voronenko, BI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Voronenko, BI
奥氏体-铁素体不锈钢，通常称为双相不锈钢，或简称DSS，由两个基本相组成。一种是奥氏体A，另一种是铁素体F，以大约相等的量存在（但各自不小于30%）。这两个相的耐腐蚀性归功于高铬含量。与奥氏体不锈钢（ASS）相比，它们更坚固（不牺牲延展性），耐腐蚀性更好，并且由于镍含量相对较低而成本更低。DSS可用于标准ASS不够耐用的环境中，例如氯化物溶液（船舶，石化厂等）。由于其镍含量低和镍的存在，DSS具有良好的可焊性。然而，它们具有有限的工作温度范围（从-40至300度），因为加热可能导致它们放弃令人讨厌的过量相，并降低焊接接头热影响区的冷脆阈值。最先进的DSS与氮合金化以稳定其奥氏体，并且在这方面，氮起到镍的作用。此外，氮还能提高强度和抗点蚀性，并改善焊缝的结构。
Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, more commonly known as duplex stainless steels, or DSS for short, consist of two basic phases. One is austenite, A, and the other is ferrite, F, present in about equal amounts (but not less than 30% each). The two phases owe their corrosion resistance to the high chromium content. Compared to austenitic stainless steels, ASS, they are stronger (without sacrificing ductility), resist corrosion better, and cost less due to their relatively low nickel content. DSS can be used in an environment where standard ASS are not durable enough, such as chloride solutions (ships, petrochemical plant, etc.). Due to their low nickel content and the presence of nickel, DSS have good weldability. However, they have a limited service temperature range (from -40 to 300 degrees) because heating may cause them to give up objectionable excess phases and lower the threshold of cold brittleness in the heat-affected zone of welded joints. State-of-the art DSS are alloyed with nitrogen to stabilize their austenite, and in this respect the nitrogen does the job of nickel. Also, nitrogen enhances the strength and resistance to pitting and improves the structure of welds.