Individual risk attitudes arise from noise in neurocognitive magnitude representations
Individual risk attitudes arise from noise in neurocognitive magnitude representations
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-023-01643-4
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发表时间：
2023-07-17
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Ruff，Christian C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barretto-Garcia，Miguel;de Hollander，Gilles;Ruff，Christian C.
人类通常是风险厌恶的，更喜欢较小的确定性而不是较大的不确定性结果。经济学理论通常通过假设凹效用函数来解释这一点。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，风险厌恶也可能产生于相对低估较大的货币回报，感知偏差植根于噪声对数编码的数值大小。我们证实了这一点与心理物理学和功能磁共振成像，通过测量行为和神经敏锐度的幅度表示在一个幅度感知任务，并将这些措施的风险态度在单独的风险财务决策。计算模型表明，参与者在这两项任务中使用类似的心理幅度表征，在感知和风险选择中具有相关的精度。顶叶皮质中具有更精确的量值表征的参与者表现出更少的可变行为和更少的风险规避。我们的研究结果强调，至少有一些经济行为的个体特征可以反映感知处理的能力限制，而不是将主观价值分配给货币结果的过程。
Humans are generally risk averse, preferring smaller certain over larger uncertain outcomes. Economic theories usually explain this by assuming concave utility functions. Here, we provide evidence that risk aversion can also arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes. We confirmed this with psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging, by measuring behavioural and neural acuity of magnitude representations during a magnitude perception task and relating these measures to risk attitudes during separate risky financial decisions. Computational modelling indicated that participants use similar mental magnitude representations in both tasks, with correlated precision across perceptual and risky choices. Participants with more precise magnitude representations in parietal cortex showed less variable behaviour and less risk aversion. Our results highlight that at least some individual characteristics of economic behaviour can reflect capacity limitations in perceptual processing rather than processes that assign subjective values to monetary outcomes.