Status of Insecticide Resistance and Its Mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii Populations from Forest Settings in South Cameroon
Status of Insecticide Resistance and Its Mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii Populations from Forest Settings in South Cameroon
复制标题
喀麦隆南部森林环境中冈比亚按蚊和大肠按蚊的杀虫剂抗药性现状及其机制
DOI：
10.3390/genes10100741
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bamou, Roland;Sonhafouo-Chiana, Nadege;Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe
影响喀麦隆疟疾病媒控制工作的一个关键因素是冈比亚按蚊（Anopheles gambiae s.l）对杀虫剂的抗药性迅速扩大。冈比亚）种群;然而，森林蚊子种群中杀虫剂抗药性所涉及的机制仍然没有得到很好的记录。本研究旨在筛选黑胸按蚊抗药性产生的分子机制。冈比亚有限公司喀麦隆南部森林地区的人口。用F0 An进行WHO生物测定。来自森林（Sangmelima、Nyabessan和Mbandjock）和城市（雅温得（巴斯托斯和Nkolondom））的3 - 4天冈比亚雌性对拟除虫菊酯（氯菊酯0.75%和溴氰菊酯0.05%）和氨基甲酸酯（恶虫威0.1%）的敏感性。的成员。Gambiae s.l.种复合体的鉴定使用分子诊断工具。使用TaqMan测定来筛选靶位点突变。使用RT-qPCR评估了与杀虫剂抗性有关的8个基因的表达谱。角质层碳氢化合物脂质进行了测量，以评估其在杀虫剂抗性的潜在影响。两个都是。Gambiae和An. coluzzii被发现。一个.冈比亚病毒在桑梅利马、尼亚贝桑、姆班乔克和恩科隆多姆高度流行。一个. coluzzii是唯一在雅温得市中心（巴斯托斯）发现的物种。所有地点的拟除虫菊酯和恶虫威致死率均较低。L1014 F等位基因频率高（75.32-95.82%），L1014 S和N1575 Y等位基因频率低（1.71-23.05%和5.28-12.87%）。首次在安徽省安氏按蚊中检测到G119 S突变（14.22-35.5%）。来自喀麦隆的冈比亚种群。这种变异，在小安身上是没有的。coluzzii种群。发现解毒基因Cyp 6 m2、Cyp 9 k1、Cyp 6p 4、Cyp 6 z1以及催化表皮碳氢化合物生物合成的Cyp 4g 16在至少一个种群中过表达。表皮总碳氢化合物含量（表皮抗性的代表）未显示出与这些种群中拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的模式。多种耐药机制的迅速出现，在安。Gambiae s.l.喀麦隆南部森林地区人口的减少是一个重大关切，可能会严重影响该地区基于森林的干预战略的可持续性。
A key factor affecting malaria vector control efforts in Cameroon is the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l (An. gambiae) populations; however, mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in forest mosquito populations are still not well documented yet. The present study was conducted to screen molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations from the South Cameroon forest region. WHO bioassays were conducted with F0 An. gambiae females aged three to four days from forest (Sangmelima, Nyabessan, and Mbandjock) and urban sites (Yaounde (Bastos and Nkolondom)), against pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75% and deltamethrin 0.05%) and carbamates (bendiocarb 0.1%). Members of the An. Gambiae s.l. species complex were identified using molecular diagnostic tools. TaqMan assays were used to screen for target site mutations. The expression profiles of eight genes implicated in insecticide resistance were assessed using RT-qPCR. Cuticle hydrocarbon lipids were measured to assess their potential implication in insecticide resistance. Both An. Gambiae and An. coluzzii were detected. An. gambiae was highly prevalent in Sangmelima, Nyabessan, Mbandjock, and Nkolondom. An. coluzzii was the only species found in the Yaounde city center (Bastos). Low mortality rate to both pyrethroids and bendiocarb was recorded in all sites. High frequency of L1014F allele (75.32-95.82%) and low frequencies of L1014S (1.71-23.05%) and N1575Y (5.28-12.87%) were recorded. The G119S mutation (14.22-35.5%) was detected for the first time in An. gambiae populations from Cameroon. This mutation was rather absent from An. coluzzii populations. The detoxification genes Cyp6m2, Cyp9k1, Cyp6p4, Cyp6z1, as well as Cyp4g16 which catalyzes epicuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis, were found to be overexpressed in at least one population. The total cuticular hydrocarvbon content, a proxy of cuticular resistance, did not show a pattern associated with pyrethroid resistance in these populations. The rapid emergence of multiple resistance mechanisms in An. Gambiae s.l. population from the South Cameroon forest region is of big concern and could deeply affect the sustainability of insecticide-based interventions strategies in this region.