Squid diet of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica during late summer
Squid diet of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica during late summer
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夏末南极洲威德尔海东部帝企鹅 (Aptenodytes forsteri) 的鱿鱼饮食
DOI：
10.1017/s0954102094000374
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
K. Pütz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Piatkowski;K. Pütz
所提供的数据提供了关于南极鱿鱼分布和帝企鹅夏季饮食的新信息。在威德尔海东部韦斯特卡普冰架（72°52′S，19°25′W）的Drescher湾固定冰上，对58只成年帝企鹅（Aptenodytesforsteri）的食性进行了研究。猎物主要包括鱿鱼、鱼类、磷虾、片足类和等足类。鱿鱼被确定为较低的喙和异速生长方程被用来估计鱿鱼生物量的代表。93%的胃样本中出现喙。每个样本平均包含27个喙（范围1-206）。92%的鱿鱼可以通过下喙识别，属于四个科（Onychoteuthidae，Psychroteuthidae，Neoteuthidae和Gonatidae）。最丰富的鱿鱼是Psychroteuthis glacialis发生在52个样本较低的喙长度（LRL）范围从1.4-7.2毫米。45个样本包含Alluroteuthis anaparticus（LRL范围1.8-5.8毫米），17 Kondakovia longimana（LRL范围4-12.1毫米），和4 Gonatus anaparticus（LRL范围4.1-6.1毫米）。在生物量K. longimana是企鹅最重要的捕食物种，占1990年估计鱿鱼湿重（245348克）的50%，1992年占48%（154873克）。然而，如果只考虑新鲜的喙来估计鱿鱼的消费量，即喙在胃中积累不超过5-6天，鱿鱼饮食就不重要了。1990年和1992年的鱿鱼湿重分别为4809 g和5445 g，这意味着一只企鹅与P. glacialis和A.南极洲是最重要的质量。猎物的组成表明，帝企鹅采取鱿鱼在东部威德尔海的陡坡地区。
The data presented provides new information on the distribution of Antarctic squids and on the summer diet of the emperor penguins. The diet of 58 adult emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on the fast ice of the Drescher Inlet, Vestkapp Ice Shelf (72°52′S, 19°25′W) in the eastern Weddell Sea was investigated. Prey consisted principally of squid, fish, krill, amphipods and isopods. Squids were identified by the lower beaks and allometric equations were used to estimate the squid biomass represented. Beaks occurred in 93% of the stomach samples. Each sample contained a mean of 27 beaks (range 1–206). Ninety-two percent of the squids could be identified by the lower beaks and belonged to four families (Onychoteuthidae, Psychroteuthidae, Neoteuthidae and Gonatidae). The most abundant squid was Psychroteuthis glacialis which occurred in 52 samples with lower rostral lengths (LRL) ranging from 1.4–7.2 mm. Forty-five samples contained Alluroteuthis antarcticus (LRL range 1.8–5.8 mm), 17 Kondakovia longimana (LRL range 4–12.1 mm), and four Gonatus antarcticus (LRL range 4.1–6.1 mm). In terms of biomass K. longimana was the most important species taken by the penguins comprising 50% of total estimated squid wet mass (245348 g) in 1990 and 48% in 1992 (154873 g). However, if only fresh beaks were considered for estimations of squid consumption, i.e. beaks that have been accumulated for not longer than 5–6 days in the stomachs, squid diet was of minor importance. Then total squid wet mass accounted for only 4809 g in 1990 and 5445 g in 1992 which implies that one penguin took c.30 g squid d−1 with P. glacialis and A. antarcticus being the most important by mass. The prey composition suggests that emperor penguins take squid at the steep slope regions of the eastern Weddell Sea.