Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory
Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2725-04.2004
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发表时间：
2004-11-03
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Born, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marshall, L;Mölle, M;Born, J
在人类中，弱经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）调节运动，视觉和前额皮质的兴奋性。在慢波睡眠（SWS）丰富的时期，不仅有利于巩固陈述性记忆，但在人类中，SWS也伴随着一个显着的内源性经皮质DC电位转移的负极性超过额皮质区。为了在实验上诱导广泛的细胞外负DC电位，我们在富含SWS的保留期内在额皮质电极部位双侧重复施加阳极tDCS（0.26 mA/cm（2））（超过30 min）。在此期间之后，对先前学习的陈述性记忆（单词对）和非陈述性记忆（镜像追踪技能）的保留进行了测试，并与安慰剂刺激后的保留性能以及清醒后的保留间隔进行了比较。与安慰剂刺激相比，SWS丰富睡眠期间的阳极tDCS明显增加了单词对的保留（p < 0.005）。当在清醒保持间隔期间应用时，tDCS不影响陈述性记忆。程序记忆也不受tDCS的影响。在睡眠和清醒间隔期间，tDCS后的情绪都得到了改善。tDCS在刺激期结束时增加了睡眠深度，而在更快的频带（θ，α和β）中的平均功率降低。急性，阳极tDCS增加缓慢振荡活动< 3 Hz。我们的结论是，tDCS的影响涉及增强生成的慢振荡EEG活动被认为是促进神经元可塑性的过程。额皮质组织中细胞外离子浓度的变化（在SWS期间表示为负DC电位）可能有助于陈述性记忆的睡眠依赖性巩固。
In humans, weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates excitability in the motor, visual, and prefrontal cortex. Periods rich in slow-wave sleep (SWS) not only facilitate the consolidation of declarative memories, but in humans, SWS is also accompanied by a pronounced endogenous transcortical DC potential shift of negative polarity over frontocortical areas. To experimentally induce widespread extracellular negative DC potentials, we applied anodal tDCS (0.26 mA/cm(2)) repeatedly ( over 30 min) bilaterally at frontocortical electrode sites during a retention period rich in SWS. Retention of declarative memories ( word pairs) and also nondeclarative memories ( mirror tracing skills) learned previously was tested after this period and compared with retention performance after placebo stimulation as well as after retention intervals of wakefulness. Compared with placebo stimulation, anodal tDCS during SWS-rich sleep distinctly increased the retention of word pairs ( p < 0.005). When applied during the wake retention interval, tDCS did not affect declarative memory. Procedural memory was also not affected by tDCS. Mood was improved both after tDCS during sleep and during wake intervals. tDCS increased sleep depth toward the end of the stimulation period, whereas the average power in the faster frequency bands (theta, alpha, and beta) was reduced. Acutely, anodal tDCS increased slow oscillatory activity < 3 Hz. We conclude that effects of tDCS involve enhanced generation of slow oscillatory EEG activity considered to facilitate processes of neuronal plasticity. Shifts in extracellular ionic concentration in frontocortical tissue ( expressed as negative DC potentials during SWS) may facilitate sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memories.