Scales of persistence: transmission and the microbiome.
Scales of persistence: transmission and the microbiome.
复制标题
持久性的尺度：传播和微生物组。
DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2019.09.009
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Britton,RobertA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robinson,CatherineD;Bohannan,BrendanJm;Britton,RobertA
摘要微生物的传播通过社会网络和共居来塑造微生物群。微生物群成员的定植和持续动态尚未得到充分研究。微生物群谱提供了有限的空间、时间和分类分辨率。动物模型为研究微生物群的传播提供了易于处理的系统。微生物组研究应该考虑单个宿主以外的生态环境。历史上，微生物群的研究是在单个宿主的尺度上进行的，很少考虑宿主外微生物群在微生物群组装中的作用。然而，近年来的工作揭示了宿主间传播的重要性及其对微生物组组成和动力学的影响。我们现在认识到，微生物群不是孤立存在的，而是与其他宿主和环境的微生物群落交换成分。展望未来，充分理解传播在微生物组组装和动力学中的作用，将需要对特定微生物谱系(即菌株)在个人和环境中的定殖性和持久性模式有一个高分辨率的看法。然而，实现这种水平的分辨率将是一个巨大的挑战，需要改进采样和生物信息学方法，以及使用易于处理的实验模型。从这些研究中获得的洞察力将有助于我们理解微生物组的组成和变异，并有助于改进调节微生物组以改善人类健康的策略。
HighlightsMicrobial transmission shapes microbiomes through social networks and co-housing.The colonization and persistence dynamics of microbiome members is underexplored.Microbiome profiling offers limited spatial, temporal, and taxonomic resolution.Animal models provide tractable systems for studying microbiome transmission.Microbiome studies should consider ecological contexts beyond individual hosts.Historically microbiomes have been studied on the scale of the individual host, giving little consideration for the role of extra-host microbial populations in microbiome assembly. However, work in recent years has brought to light the importance of inter-host transmission and its influence on microbiome composition and dynamics. We now appreciate that microbiomes do not exist in isolation, but exchange constituents with the microbial communities of other hosts and the environment. Moving forward, fully understanding the role of transmission in microbiome assembly and dynamics will require a high-resolution view of the colonization and persistence patterns of particular microbial lineages (ie strains) across individuals and the environment. Yet, accomplishing this level of resolution will be an immense challenge, requiring improved sampling and bioinformatics approaches as well as employment of tractable experimental models. Insight gained from these investigations will contribute to our understanding of microbiome composition and variation, and lead to improved strategies for modulating microbiomes to improve human health.