Aboveground and Belowground Herbivores Synergistically Induce Volatile Organic Sulfur Compound Emissions from Shoots but Not from Roots.
Aboveground and Belowground Herbivores Synergistically Induce Volatile Organic Sulfur Compound Emissions from Shoots but Not from Roots.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-015-0601-y
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Cristescu SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danner H;Brown P;Cator EA;Harren FJ;van Dam NM;Cristescu SM
对地上(AG)植物器官的研究表明，草食动物同时攻击和单次攻击时，挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的释放是不同的。越来越多的证据表明，同时食草的交互作用也发生在根冠界面上。在本研究中，分别用根蝇幼虫和菜青虫分别侵染油菜根部和地上部，以研究根部与地上部的相互作用。作为分析平台，我们使用质子转移反应质谱仪(PTR-MS)在3天的时间段内研究VOCs。我们的设置允许我们在同一家工厂同时监测根和地上部的排放。重点放在含硫化合物：甲硫醇、二甲硫醚(DMS)和二甲基二硫化物(DMDS)，因为这些化合物以前被证明在十字花科植物、草食动物、寄生蜂和捕食者之间的相互作用中具有生物活性，但相对较少受到关注。同时感染AG和地下食草动物(BG)的植物的地上部释放出比单一食草动物植物更高水平的含硫化合物。相反，植物根部硫挥发性有机化合物的排放由于根部食草性的增加而增加，与AG食草性动物的存在无关。受害后根系开始释放比地上部分开始释放更快。受到双重侵染的植物的枝条也会释放出更高水平的甲醇。因此，根部和地上部食草动物的交互作用在地上部的VOC排放中表现出比根部更强的效应，这意味着特定的信号相互作用参与其中。本文的在线版本(doi：10.1007/s10886-0150601-y)包含补充材料，授权用户可以使用。
Studies on aboveground (AG) plant organs have shown that volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions differ between simultaneous attack by herbivores and single herbivore attack. There is growing evidence that interactive effects of simultaneous herbivory also occur across the root-shoot interface. In our study, Brassica rapa roots were infested with root fly larvae (Delia radicum) and the shoots infested with Pieris brassicae, either singly or simultaneously, to study these root-shoot interactions. As an analytical platform, we used Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) to investigate VOCs over a 3 day time period. Our set-up allowed us to monitor root and shoot emissions concurrently on the same plant. Focus was placed on the sulfur-containing compounds; methanethiol, dimethylsulfide (DMS), and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS), because these compounds previously have been shown to be biologically active in the interactions of Brassica plants, herbivores, parasitoids, and predators, yet have received relatively little attention. The shoots of plants simultaneously infested with AG and belowground (BG) herbivores emitted higher levels of sulfur-containing compounds than plants with a single herbivore species present. In contrast, the emission of sulfur VOCs from the plant roots increased as a consequence of root herbivory, independent of the presence of an AG herbivore. The onset of root emissions was more rapid after damage than the onset of shoot emissions. The shoots of double infested plants also emitted higher levels of methanol. Thus, interactive effects of root and shoot herbivores exhibit more strongly in the VOC emissions from the shoots than from the roots, implying the involvement of specific signaling interactions. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10886-015-0601-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.