Benefits of Native Mycorrhizal Amendments to Perennial Agroecosystems Increases with Field Inoculation Density
Benefits of Native Mycorrhizal Amendments to Perennial Agroecosystems Increases with Field Inoculation Density
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy9070353
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bever, James D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koziol, Liz;Crews, Timothy E.;Bever, James D.
多年生混作种植系统是一种新的农业生态方法，用于反映本地多年生生态系统提供的一些生态效益，包括增加碳和氮的储存，更稳定的土壤，减少人为投入。为多年生农业生态系统选择的植物通常与高度依赖微生物群的本地多年生植物密切相关，例如丛枝菌根真菌（AM）真菌。然而，大多数种植发生在高度扰动的土壤中，在那里耕作和化学使用可能使AM真菌群落不那么丰富和无效。菌根改良的研究包括接种密度为每公顷2-10,000公斤。这些研究报告的不同结果可能取决于接种量、成分或本土。在温室和田间试验中，我们测试了19种作物植物对本地菌根真菌群落的反应。在我们的田间试验中，我们选择了8种不同密度的AM真菌改良剂，范围从0到8192 kg/公顷，代表了传统农业实践（不添加AM真菌），商业产品密度推荐以及过去科学调查中更典型的更高密度。我们发现，在温室中受益于原生菌根接种的植物种类，在大田混养种植中也受益于接种。然而，在商业菌根产品上建议的菌根接种密度是无效的，需要更高的浓度才能检测到对植物生长和存活的显著益处。这些数据表明，为了在农业生态系统中利用天然菌根改良剂，可能需要更高浓度的菌根改良剂或其他分配方法。
Perennial polyculture cropping systems are a novel agroecological approach used to mirror some of the ecological benefits provided by native perennial ecosystems including increased carbon and nitrogen storage, more stable soils, and reduced anthropogenic input. Plants selected for perennial agroecosystems are often closely related to native perennials known to be highly dependent on microbiome biota, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. However, most plantings take place in highly disturbed soils where tillage and chemical use may have rendered the AM fungal communities less abundant and ineffective. Studies of mycorrhizal amendments include inoculation densities of 2-10,000 kg of inocula per hectare. These studies report variable results that may depend on inocula volume, composition, or nativeness. Here, we test the response of 19 crop plant species to a native mycorrhizal fungal community in a greenhouse and field experiment. In our field experiment, we chose eight different densities of AM fungal amendment, ranging from 0 to 8192 kg/hectare, representing conventional agricultural practices (no AM fungi addition), commercial product density recommendations, and higher densities more typical of past scientific investigation. We found that plant species that benefited from native mycorrhizal inocula in the greenhouse also benefited from inoculation in the field polyculture planting. However, the densities of mycorrhizal inocula suggested on commercial mycorrhizal products were ineffective, and higher concentrations were required to detect significant benefit plant growth and survival. These data suggest that higher concentrations of mycorrhizal amendment or perhaps alternative distribution methods may be required to utilize native mycorrhizal amendment in agroecology systems.