NON-TARGETED EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE: RECENT ADVANCES AND IMPLICATIONS
NON-TARGETED EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE: RECENT ADVANCES AND IMPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1093/rpd/ncv167
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Hill, M. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kadhim, M. A.;Hill, M. A.
辐射诱导效应的靶向理论受到许多研究的挑战，这些研究表明，除了细胞内直接DNA损伤引起的生物效应外，各种非DNA靶向效应（NTE）可能对总体结果作出重要贡献。电离辐射诱导复杂的整体细胞反应，例如在接受辐射细胞产生的分子信号的辐射和从未辐射的“旁观者”细胞中的基因组不稳定性（GI）。GI是许多癌症的一个众所周知的特征，增加了细胞在肿瘤发展过程中获得“癌症标志”的可能性。虽然流行病学数据包括直接和NTE的贡献，但它们缺乏（i）低剂量下的统计功效，其中NTE和直接效应的剂量反应差异可能更重要，以及（ii）由于个体之间的遗传变异性，非靶向反应的异质性。本文对以胃肠道效应和旁观者效应为重点的NTE进行了评述，讨论了NTE的具体原理，并考虑了低剂量辐射对人体健康风险评估的潜在影响。
The target theory of radiation-induced effects has been challenged by numerous studies, which indicate that in addition to biological effects resulting from direct DNA damage within the cell, a variety of non-DNA targeted effects (NTE) may make important contributions to the overall outcome. Ionising radiation induces complex, global cellular responses, such as genomic instability (GI) in both irradiated and never-irradiated 'bystander' cells that receive molecular signals produced by irradiated cells. GI is a well-known feature of many cancers, increasing the probability of cells to acquire the 'hallmarks of cancer' during the development of tumours. Although epidemiological data include contributions of both direct and NTE, they lack (i) statistical power at low dose where differences in dose response for NTE and direct effects are likely to be more important and (ii) heterogeneity of non-targeted responses due to genetic variability between individuals. In this article, NTE focussing on GI and bystander effects were critically examined, the specific principles of NTE were discussed and the potential influence on human health risk assessment from low-dose radiation was considered.