Nanocarbon Catalysts: Recent Understanding Regarding the Active Sites
Nanocarbon Catalysts: Recent Understanding Regarding the Active Sites
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DOI：
10.1002/advs.201902126
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发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Lu‐Hua Zhang;Yumeng Shi;Ye Wang;N. R. Shiju
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lu‐Hua Zhang;Yumeng Shi;Ye Wang;N. R. Shiju
尽管碳本身在各种反应中充当催化剂，但经典碳材料（例如活性炭、碳气凝胶、炭黑、碳纤维等）通常表现出较低的活性、稳定性和抗氧化性。随着最近纳米碳催化剂的出现，碳材料在催化领域的应用获得了新的动力。该研究集中于定制纳米碳材料的表面化学，因为原始碳通常不具有多相催化活性。表面功能化、杂原子掺杂和产生缺陷是制造高效催化剂最常用的策略。然而，催化活性位点的性质及其在决定活性和选择性中的作用仍不清楚。本文总结了几种主流纳米碳的活性位点类型，包括碳纳米管、石墨烯基材料和 3D 多孔纳米碳。有关活性位点的知识将有利于设计和合成具有改进的活性、选择性和稳定性的纳米碳催化剂。
Although carbon itself acts as a catalyst in various reactions, the classical carbon materials (e.g., activated carbons, carbon aerogels, carbon black, carbon fiber, etc.) usually show low activity, stability, and oxidation resistance. With the recent availability of nanocarbon catalysts, the application of carbon materials in catalysis has gained a renewed momentum. The research is concentrated on tailoring the surface chemistry of nanocarbon materials, since the pristine carbons in general are not active for heterogeneous catalysis. Surface functionalization, doping with heteroatoms, and creating defects are the most used strategies to make efficient catalysts. However, the nature of the catalytic active sites and their role in determining the activity and selectivity is still not well understood. Herein, the types of active sites reported for several mainstream nanocarbons, including carbon nanotubes, graphene‐based materials, and 3D porous nanocarbons, are summarized. Knowledge about the active sites will be beneficial for the design and synthesis of nanocarbon catalysts with improved activity, selectivity, and stability.