A mineralogical and geochemical investigation of modern aeolian sands near Tonopah, Nevada: Sources and environmental implications
A mineralogical and geochemical investigation of modern aeolian sands near Tonopah, Nevada: Sources and environmental implications
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内华达州托诺帕附近现代风沙的矿物学和地球化学调查：来源和环境影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2020.104640
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Krekeler, Mark P.S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oglesbee, Traister;McLeod, Claire L.;Chappell, Caleb;Vest, Jordan;Sturmer, Dan;Krekeler, Mark P.S.
沙漠的矿物学和地球化学组成横跨干旱半干旱景观可以用来评估其源岩的性质。一旦确定了这些特征，这些沙子就有可能在以环境为重点的研究中作为背景参考材料（例如，矿山废弃物污染）。内华达州的托诺帕是一个经济落后的城镇，有着悠久的银开采历史。托诺帕和周边地区有着相似的历史，也是一些环境问题研究严重不足的地区。本研究中采样的沙子是托诺帕以北15公里的星形沙丘系统的一部分。它们是中等粒度的，分选良好：算术平均粒度为263至335微米。根据石英-长石-岩屑（QFL）分类，砂岩为长石岩屑砂岩至弱岩屑砂岩。粉末X射线衍射和偏振光显微镜观察确定石英，有序钙钠长石，透长石为主要矿物与罕见的方解石，镁方解石，角闪石。扫描电子显微镜表明，颗粒有一系列的纹理成熟度，流纹质和玄武质岩屑颗粒的存在。从散装元素化学，砂的地球化学类似于地球的散装上大陆地壳，富含石英，形成于干旱半干旱气候，并来自一个长英质火成岩省（或省）。这些砂的起源进行了进一步调查，通过比较散装主要元素的签名，全球，区域和当地的沙丘系统的组成，除了当地和区域基岩。在区域上，托诺帕砂的成分与莫哈韦沙漠沙丘区（例如加迪斯）相似，而与分别位于加州和亚利桑那州的阿尔戈多内斯和帕克沙丘不同。与加迪斯，丹比，和戴尔湖砂的莫哈韦沙漠的源推断一致，托诺帕砂被推断为来自化学进化省。对于托诺帕，衍生自当地的，Micoene-aged，安山岩英安岩流纹岩suites推断。通过全面表征托诺帕砂的地质背景组成的区域，并为未来的环境调查的重要参考资料，已经建立。
The mineralogical and geochemical composition of sands across arid to semi-arid landscapes can be used to evaluate the nature of their source lithologies. Once these characteristics are established, these sands have the potential to be implemented as background reference materials in environmentally-focused studies (e.g., mine waste pollution). Tonopah, Nevada is an economically disadvantaged town with a long history of silver mining. Tonopah and surrounding areas with similar histories are also examples of significantly understudied regions with respect to several environmental concerns.Sands sampled in this study are part of a star-shaped dune system ~15 km north of Tonopah. They are medium-grained and are very well sorted: arithmetic mean grain size from 263 to 335 µm. From Quartz – Feldspar – Lithic (QFL) classification the sands are feldspathic litharenites to weakly litharenitic. Powder X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy observations identify quartz, ordered calcian albite, and sanidine as the dominant minerals with rarer calcite, magnesian calcite, and amphibole. Scanning electron microscopy indicates grains have a range of textural maturity, with rhyolitic and basaltic lithic grains present. From bulk elemental chemistry, sands are geochemically akin to that of Earth’s bulk upper continental crust, are quartz-rich, formed in arid to semi-arid climates, and were derived from a felsic igneous province (or provinces).The origin of these sands is further investigated by comparing bulk major elemental signatures to the composition of global, regional, and local dune systems, in addition to local and regional bedrock. Regionally, Tonopah sands are compositionally similar to those of the Mojave Desert dune fields (e.g. Cadiz) and distinct from those of the Algodones and Parker dunes of California and Arizona respectively. Consistent with source inferences for the Cadiz, Danby, and Dale lake sands of the Mojave Desert, Tonopah sands are inferred to be derived from chemically evolved provinces. For Tonopah, derivation from the local, Micoene-aged, andesite-dacite-rhyolite suites is inferred.Through comprehensive characterization of the Tonopah sands a geogenic background composition for the region, and an important reference material for future environmental investigations, has been established.
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