On the Cretaceous origin of the Order Syracosphaerales and the genus Syracosphaera

On the Cretaceous origin of the Order Syracosphaerales and the genus Syracosphaera
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论Syracosphaerales目和Syracosphaera属的白垩纪起源

DOI:
10.1144/jmpaleo2016-001
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Bown P
Bown P
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bown P

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对白垩纪坦桑尼亚钻探项目沉积物薄层表面上的纯钙质超微化石组合进行的新的扫描电子显微镜观察显示,在小于3 μm的尺寸范围内具有高度多样性,并且小而脆弱的形态具有高丰度。这些组合提示比较现代组合,表现出类似的高多样性和丰富的非常小和脆弱的类群,虽然这些组合一般不保存在化石记录,由于埋藏过滤。不仅现代组合的一般组成与Tanzanianlagerstätte之间存在广泛的相似性,而且我们发现的几个新的白垩纪分类群为现存目的的化石谱系的极大扩展提供了证据,这对深层生物多样性分歧和白垩纪末期大灭绝的生存都有影响。我们的研究结果包括:新物种是现存Syracosphaeraceae和Papposphaeraceae的第一个记录的中生代代表;可能以前未记录的多样性在中生代Calciosoleniaceae,另一个现存的命令,由现存的物种已经描述;和新物种和异常高丰度的中生代Stephanolithiaceae。我们还强调了anincertae sedis新生代属,Ellipsolithus的延伸范围,至少到Turonian。repagula、Pocillithus macleodii、P. crucifer、Stradnerlithus wendleri、S.?Haynesiae和Tortolithus foramen。
New scanning electron microscope observations of unadulterated calcareous nannofossil assemblages on lamina surfaces of Cretaceous Tanzania Drilling Project sediments reveal high diversity in the <3 μm size-range and high abundances of small and frangible morphologies. These assemblages prompt comparison to modern assemblages, which show similar high diversity and abundance of very small and fragile taxa, although these assemblages are generally not preserved in the fossil record due to taphonomic filtering. Not only are there broad similarities between the general composition of modern assemblages and those of the Tanzanianlagerstätte, but also our discovery of several new Cretaceous taxa provides evidence for greatly extended fossil lineages of extant orders, with implications for both deep-time biodiversity divergence and survival through the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Our findings include: new species that are the first-recorded Mesozoic representatives of the extant Syracosphaeraceae and Papposphaeraceae; potentially previously unrecorded diversity in the Mesozoic Calciosoleniaceae, another extant order, represented by extant species that have been described already; and new species and unusually high abundances of the Mesozoic Stephanolithiaceae. We also highlight the extended range of anincertae sedisCenozoic genus,Ellipsolithus, into at least the Turonian.Here, we describe seven new miniscule to very small Cretaceous species:Syracosphaera antiqua, S. repagula, Pocillithus macleodii, P. crucifer, Stradnerlithus wendleri, S.? haynesiaeandTortolithus foramen.
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