Attributional style and the generality of learned helplessness.
Attributional style and the generality of learned helplessness.
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归因风格和习得性无助的普遍性。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.46.3.681
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Seligman,ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alloy,LB;Peterson,C;Abramson,LY;Seligman,ME
根据习得性无助归因重构的逻辑，两个因素的交互作用影响了在一种情境中体验到的无助感是否会转移到新的情境中。该模型预测，表现出将负面结果归因于全球因素的风格的人，在与他们无助的原始情况相似或不同的新情况下，将表现出无助赤字。相比之下，那些只将消极结果归因于特定因素的人，在与他们无助的原始情况相似但没有不同的情况下，会表现出无助缺陷。为了验证这些预测，进行了2项研究，其中大学生无论是全球或特定归因风格的负面结果（如归因风格问卷测量）给予1的3个预处理在典型的无助三元设计：可控的噪音，不可控的噪音，或没有噪音的突发。同时对受试者进行Beck抑郁量表测试。在实验I中，108 Ss进行了测试无助赤字在测试情况下类似的预处理设置，而在实验II中，60 Ss进行了测试，在测试情况下不同的预处理设置。研究结果与重新表述的无助理论的预测一致。(23参考）（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
According to the logic of the attribution reformulation of learned helplessness, the interaction of 2 factors influences whether helplessness experienced in one situation will transfer to a new situation. The model predicts that people who exhibit a style of attributing negative outcomes to global factors will show helplessness deficits in new situations that are either similar or dissimilar to the original situation in which they were helpless. In contrast, people who exhibit a style of attributing negative outcomes to only specific factors will show helplessness deficits in situations that are similar, but not dissimilar, to the original situation in which they were helpless. To test these predictions, 2 studies were conducted in which undergraduates with either a global or specific attributional style for negative outcomes (as measured by the Attributional Style Questionnaire) were given 1 of 3 pretreatments in the typical helplessness triadic design: controllable bursts of noise, uncontrollable bursts of noise, or no noise. Ss were also administered the Beck Depression Inventory. In Exp I, 108 Ss were tested for helplessness deficits in a test situation similar to the pretreatment setting, whereas in Exp II, 60 Ss were tested in a test situation dissimilar to the pretreatment setting. Findings are consistent with predictions of the reformulated helplessness theory.(23 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)