The 1912 Iceland earthquake rupture: Growth and development of a nascent transform system
The 1912 Iceland earthquake rupture: Growth and development of a nascent transform system
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1912 年冰岛地震破裂：新生转换系统的生长和发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Scholz
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ingi Þorleifur Bjarnason;P. Cowie;M. H. Anders;L. Seeber;C. Scholz
我们已经详细绘制了1912年冰岛南部7.0级走滑地震的地表破裂。这次地震使覆盖在先前存在的断层上的新鲜玄武岩流破裂。所观察到的表面破裂的风格密切匹配的剪切断裂发展的第一阶段的理论预测和微观尺度的观察，从实验室实验。本次地震产生的地表断裂带上分布的剪切错距为右旋，范围为1 ~ 3 m。绘制的破裂总长度为9公里，但总破裂长度可能至少为120公里。这次板间地震有一个异常高的滑动断层长度的比例，并推断，应力下降。1912年地震的南北走向破裂是东西走向南冰岛地震带的“书架”断层的一部分。我们把南冰岛地震带的“书架式”断层活动归因于地壳变形的早期发展阶段和区域强度各向异性的综合作用。
We have mapped in detail surface ruptures of the 1912 magnitude 7.0 strike-slip earthquake in south Iceland. This earthquake ruptured fresh basalt flows that had covered the pre-existing fault. The observed style of surface fracturing closely matches both theoretical predictions of the first stages of shear fracture development and microscopic-scale observations from laboratory experiments. The shear offset distributed across the zone of surface fractures produced by this earthquake is right-lateral and is in the range of 1 to 3 m. Total mapped rupture length is 9 km, but total rupture length is probably at least ∼ 20 km. This interplate earthquake had an exceptionally high ratio of slip to fault length and, by inference, stress drop. The north-south trending rupture of the 1912 earthquake is part of the “bookshelf” faulting in the east-west trending South Iceland Seismic Zone. We ascribe the “bookshelf” faulting in the South Iceland Seismic Zone to a combination of the early development stage of the transform and regional strength anisotropy of the crust.