The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago
The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago
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人类最早占领青藏高原高海拔地区距今4万至3万年
DOI：
10.1126/science.aat8824
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发表时间：
2018-11-30
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Gao, X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, X. L.;Ha, B. B.;Gao, X.
西藏旧石器时代人类对高海拔青藏高原的殖民通常被认为是在全新世的过去几千年。Zhang等人报告了对西藏中部Nwya Devu考古遗址的调查，海拔4600米，旧石器时代的占领日期为140，000至30，000年前（见Zhang和Dennell的观点）。该遗址出土了一系列石器，表明早期现代人类对“世界屋脊”恶劣环境的适应能力。研究结果还表明，来自西藏和西伯利亚的人可能在这个时候相互作用。《科学》，本期第1049页;另见第992页海拔4600米的西藏新雅德武旧石器时代遗址，保存了早期人类适应高海拔的证据。青藏高原是人类有史以来最高、最苛刻的环境之一。我们调查了其最初的殖民地在Nwya Devu网站，位于海拔近4600米的时间和机制。该遗址距今4万至3万年，是迄今为止全球发现的最高的旧石器时代考古遗址。Nwya Devu已经获得了丰富的刀片工具组合，表明在这种环境中露营的现代人的生存能力迄今未知。该遗址加深了“世界屋脊”的人类历史和人类高海拔职业的古老性。
Paleolithic occupation of Tibet Human colonization of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau has generally been thought to have been confined to the past few thousand years of the Holocene. Zhang et al. report an investigation of the Nwya Devu archaeological site in central Tibet, 4600 meters above sea level, with Paleolithic occupation dates of ∼40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago (see the Perspective by Zhang and Dennell). The site has yielded a range of stone tools, indicating the adaptive ability of early modern humans to the harsh environment of the “roof of the world.” The findings also suggest that people from Tibet and Siberia may have interacted at this time. Science, this issue p. 1049; see also p. 992 The Nwya Devu Paleolithic site in Tibet, 4600 meters above sea level, preserves evidence of early human high-altitude adaptation. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and one of the most demanding environments ever inhabited by humans. We investigated the timing and mechanisms of its initial colonization at the Nwya Devu site, located nearly 4600 meters above sea level. This site, dating from 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, is the highest Paleolithic archaeological site yet identified globally. Nwya Devu has yielded an abundant blade tool assemblage, indicating hitherto-unknown capacities for the survival of modern humans who camped in this environment. This site deepens the history of the peopling of the “roof of the world” and the antiquity of human high-altitude occupations more generally.