Constructions in Grammaticalization
Constructions in Grammaticalization
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470756393.ch20
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发表时间：
2008-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Traugott
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文献类型：
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作者：
E. Traugott
语法化的一个标准定义是，它是词位或词项成为语法化的过程。1然而，同样标准的例子，如身体部位术语成为介词（例如，（一）以“为”为“为”，以“为”为“为”，以“为”。be going to >“future“gonna），通常涉及的不是纯粹的词素，而是形态句法字符串，或者在大多数情况下更恰当的结构。虽然语言学文献中大多数语法化定义的焦点都集中在词位上（以及在后期阶段，已经语法化的项目语法化为更语法化的项目，例如，在语法化的早期阶段，词汇只有在特定的形态句法语境和特定的语用条件下才能语法化。语法化作为一个基本的关系和语境依赖过程的概念起源于Meillet的工作，因此并不新鲜。然而，语法化理论的实践者们的研究议程却以相当不同的方式发展，这部分取决于关注的焦点是词汇还是它们承担语法功能的语境。本章探讨了在以“观察到语法语素是从词汇语素与词汇或语法语素的组合中逐渐发展出来的.”为出发点，并突出语境的情况下，思考语法化的一些后果。
A standard definition of grammaticalization is that it is the process whereby lexemes or lexical items become grammatical.1Yet the equally standard examples of the process, such as body part terms becoming adpositions (e.g.,by (X's) side), or motion verbs becoming auxiliaries (e.g.,be going to >“future”gonna), typically involve not bare lexemes but morphosyntactic strings, or in most cases more properly constructions. While the focus of most definitions of grammaticalization in the linguistic literature has been on lexemes (and, in later stages, the grammaticalization of already grammatical items into more grammatical ones, e.g., auxiliary verbs into affixes), increasing attention has recently been paid to the fact that early in grammaticalization, lexemes grammaticalize only in certain highly specifiable morphosyntactic contexts, and under specifiable pragmatic conditions. This concept of grammaticalization as a fundamentally relational and context‐dependent process has its origins in Meillet's work, and is therefore in no way new. However, the research agendas of practitioners of grammaticalization theory have developed in rather different ways depending in part on whether the focus is on lexemes or on the contexts in which they take on grammatical functions. The present chapter explores some of the consequences of thinking about grammaticalization when the starting‐point is “the observation that grammatical morphemes develop gradually out of … combinations of lexical morphemes with lexical or grammatical morphemes”, and when context is highlighted.