Neurodevelopment Outcomes in Children Exposed to Organic Mercury from Multiple Sources in a Tin-Ore Mine Environment in Brazil
Neurodevelopment Outcomes in Children Exposed to Organic Mercury from Multiple Sources in a Tin-Ore Mine Environment in Brazil
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DOI：
10.1007/s00244-014-0103-x
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Dorea, Jose G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marques, Rejane C.;Bernardi, Jose V. E.;Dorea, Jose G.
甲基汞(来自淡水鱼)和乙基汞[来自含硫柳汞疫苗(TCV)]是食用鱼类和使用这些疫苗的家庭在早期生活中最普遍的神经毒性暴露来源。但生活在亚马逊采矿环境中的儿童暴露在废物中的额外有毒金属中。我们研究了来自巴西隆多尼亚的Bom Futuro的294名儿童(105名男孩和189名女孩)的汞暴露和神经发育。Bom Futuro是一个锡矿露天矿的中心。头发汞(HHG)浓度和总乙基汞(来自TCVs)在怀孕期间从婴儿和各自的母亲那里获得。我们使用双变量分析和线性混合模型来评估出生前和出生后有机汞暴露与儿童6个月和24个月时的贝利婴儿发育量表(BSID)作为精神运动发育指数和智力发育指数(MDI)以及里程碑成绩(行走年龄和说话年龄)的关系。男孩和女孩在6个月时的MDI得分(p=0.0073)和MDI得分(p=0.0288)都有显著差异，但在24个月时没有显著差异。回归分析显示，只有男孩在6个月时与家庭收入(β=0.288，p=0.018)和出生体重(β=-0.216，p=0.036)之间存在显著的交互作用；然而，在24个月时，只有男孩的MDI得分(β=-0.222，p=0.045)和MDI得分(β=-0.222，p=0.045)与新生儿HG显著相关。在男孩中，走路年龄与HHG(β=0.188，p=0.019)和母乳喂养(β=-0.282，p=0.000)有关，而对于女孩，走路年龄仅与母乳喂养有关(β=-0.275，p=0.001)。在这种采矿环境中，由于产前汞暴露的相关性很弱，在神经发育方面存在显著的性别差异，男孩对BSID延迟表现出更多的敏感性。
Methylmercury (from fresh-water fish) and ethylmercury [from thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs)] are the most prevalent source of neurotoxic exposure during early life in families consuming fish and using these vaccines. But children living in Amazonian mining environments are exposed to additional toxic metals in waste materials. We studied mercury (Hg) exposure and neurodevelopment in 294 children (105 boys and 189 girls) from Bom Futuro (Rondonia, Brazil), the epicenter of a tin-ore open-pit mine. Hair-Hg (HHg) concentrations and total ethylmercury (from TCVs) were taken from infants and respective mothers during pregnancy. We used bivariate analysis to determine the effect of sex and linear mixed models to assess the association of prenatal and postnatal organic Hg exposures with children's Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) as psychomotor developmental index and mental developmental index (MDI) at 6 and 24 months of age as well as milestones achievements (age of walking and age of talking). Significant differences between boys and girls were observed for both MDI score (p = 0.0073) and MDI score (p = 0.0288) at 6 months but not at 24 months. Regression analysis showed that only in boys was there a significant interaction between MDI score with family income (beta = 0.288, p = 0.018) and with birth weight (beta = -0.216, p = 0.036) at 6 months; at 24 months, however, only boys showed a significant association of both MDI score (beta = -0.222, p = 0.045) and MDI score (beta = -0.222, p = 0.045) with neonatal HHg. In boys, age of walking was associated with HHg (beta = 0.188, p = 0.019) and breastfeeding (beta = -0.282, p = 0.000), whereas for girls, age of walking was only associated with breastfeeding (beta = -0.275, p = 0.001). In this mining environment, with only a weak association for prenatal Hg exposure, there was a significant sex difference in neurodevelopment, with boys showing more sensitivity related to BSID delays.