New Insights into the Role of Ferritin in Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases
New Insights into the Role of Ferritin in Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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关于铁蛋白在铁稳态和神经退行性疾病中作用的新见解
DOI：
10.1007/s12035-020-02277-7
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发表时间：
2021-01-28
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Xu, Huamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Na;Yu, Xiaoqi;Xu, Huamin
越来越多的证据表明，铁沉积是导致神经退行性疾病中神经元死亡的关键因素之一。铁蛋白是由铁蛋白重链（FTH）和铁蛋白轻链（FTL）两种类型的24个亚基组成的中空铁储存蛋白，在维持铁稳态中起重要作用。近年来，细胞外铁蛋白和外泌体铁蛋白的发现表明，铁蛋白不仅是细胞内的铁储存蛋白，而且可能是调节组织和机体铁稳态的重要因子。本文首先介绍了铁蛋白的结构特点、调节作用及其生理功能。其次，我们回顾了目前有关铁蛋白分泌的机制和分泌的铁蛋白在脑中的可能作用的证据。其次，综述了铁蛋白与帕金森病（PD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）、神经铁蛋白病（NF）等神经退行性疾病的关系。考虑到铁和神经退行性疾病之间的重要性和关系，了解铁蛋白在大脑中的作用有望有助于我们了解铁功能障碍和神经退行性疾病。
Growing evidence has indicated that iron deposition is one of the key factors leading to neuronal death in the neurodegenerative diseases. Ferritin is a hollow iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL), which plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Recently, the discovery of extracellular ferritin and ferritin in exosomes indicates that ferritin might be not only an iron storage protein within the cell, but might also be an important factor in the regulation of tissue and body iron homeostasis. In this review, we first described the structural characteristics, regulation and the physiological functions of ferritin. Secondly, we reviewed the current evidence concerning the mechanisms underlying the secretion of ferritin and the possible role of secreted ferritin in the brain. Then, we summarized the relationship between ferritin and the neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neuroferritinopathy (NF). Given the importance and relationship between iron and neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the role of ferritin in the brain can be expected to contribute to our knowledge of iron dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.