Re-emergence of yellow fever in the neotropics - quo vadis?
Re-emergence of yellow fever in the neotropics - quo vadis?
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DOI：
10.1042/etls20200187
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发表时间：
2020-12-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Vasilakis N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sacchetto L;Drumond BP;Han BA;Nogueira ML;Vasilakis N
黄热病（Yellow Fever，YF）是由黄热病病毒（Yellow Fever Virus，YFV）引起的一种急性出血性媒介传播疾病，在非洲和南美洲热带地区流行，对公众健康有着重大影响。该病毒维持在两个生态和进化上不同的传播周期中：一个是地方性的森林周期，其中病毒在树栖伊蚊属蚊子和非人类灵长类动物之间传播，另一个是人类或城市周期，在人类和嗜热埃及伊蚊之间传播。虽然城市传播周期已被一种高度有效的许可疫苗根除，但地方病传播周期不适合控制干预，导致反复发生动物流行病和向人群的溢出爆发。YF传输动力学的性质是多因素的，包括一个复杂的系统的生物，非生物和人为因素呈现高度投机性的预测出现。最近在非洲和巴西爆发的疫情清楚地提醒我们，黄热病暴发事件对人类和动物健康造成了重大影响。巴西疫情的严重程度和在建议的疫苗接种覆盖范围以外的人口稠密地区的蔓延，引起了人传人和亚马逊流域以外地方病周期重建的幽灵。在此，我们回顾了影响新热带地区YFV重新出现潜力的因素，并提供了一系列协调方法的见解，以更好地预测和控制未来的YF出现事件。
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the etiological agent of yellow fever (YF), an acute hemorrhagic vector-borne disease with a significant impact on public health, is endemic across tropical regions in Africa and South America. The virus is maintained in two ecologically and evolutionary distinct transmission cycles: an enzootic, sylvatic cycle, where the virus circulates between arboreal Aedes species mosquitoes and non-human primates, and a human or urban cycle, between humans and anthropophilic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. While the urban transmission cycle has been eradicated by a highly efficacious licensed vaccine, the enzootic transmission cycle is not amenable to control interventions, leading to recurrent epizootics and spillover outbreaks into human populations. The nature of YF transmission dynamics is multifactorial and encompasses a complex system of biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors rendering predictions of emergence highly speculative. The recent outbreaks in Africa and Brazil clearly remind us of the significant impact YF emergence events pose on human and animal health. The magnitude of the Brazilian outbreak and spillover in densely populated areas outside the recommended vaccination coverage areas raised the specter of human — to — human transmission and re-establishment of enzootic cycles outside the Amazon basin. Herein, we review the factors that influence the re-emergence potential of YFV in the neotropics and offer insights for a constellation of coordinated approaches to better predict and control future YF emergence events.