Accounting for memes in sociotechnical systems: extending the abstraction hierarchy to consider cognitive objects
Accounting for memes in sociotechnical systems: extending the abstraction hierarchy to consider cognitive objects
复制标题
解释社会技术系统中的模因：扩展抽象层次结构以考虑认知对象
作者：
T. Carden;N. Goode;P. Salmon
抽象工作域分析(WDA)用于通过抽象层次(AH)对社会技术系统(STS)的功能结构进行建模。通过确定支持系统目的的对象、流程、功能和度量，WDA揭示了系统内的约束。传统上，AH将最低抽象级别的系统元素描述为物理对象。对复杂系统的多项分析表明，许多系统包括仅存在于概念层面的对象。本文认为，通过将AH扩展到包括认知对象，WDA的分析能力得到了扩展，并使新的应用领域成为可能。三个案例研究被用来展示认知客体在STS中所扮演的角色。结论是，认知对象是一个有效的结构，它提供了对WDA的显著增强，并使其能够应用于世界上一些最紧迫的问题。讨论了WDA和AH在未来应用中的意义。实践者摘要：一些社会技术系统将模因作为其功能结构的一部分。三个案例研究被用来评估在认知工作分析的第一阶段--工作领域分析中引入认知对象和物理对象的效用。包括认知对象增加了工作领域分析的范围和准确性。
Abstract Work domain analysis (WDA) is used to model the functional structure of sociotechnical systems (STS) through the abstraction hierarchy (AH). By identifying objects, processes, functions and measures that support system purposes, WDA reveals constraints within the system. Traditionally, the AH describes system elements at the lowest level of abstraction as physical objects. Multiple analyses of complex systems reveal that many include objects that exist only at a conceptual level. This paper argues that, by extending the AH to include cognitive objects, the analytical power of WDA is extended, and novel areas of application are enabled. Three case studies are used to demonstrate the role that cognitive objects play within STS. It is concluded that cognitive objects are a valid construct that offer a significant enhancement of WDA and enable its application to some of the world’s most pressing problems. Implications for future applications of WDA and the AH are discussed. Practitioner summary: Some sociotechnical systems include memes as part of their functional structure. Three case studies were used to evaluate the utility of introducing cognitive objects alongside physical ones in work domain analysis, the first phase of cognitive work analysis. Including cognitive objects increases the scope and accuracy of work domain analysis.